1. Lapis Lazuli
   Amethyst
2. Rose quartz
   Sapphire

Lapis is a beautiful royal blue color! Lapis Lazuli is an interesting stone with a royal history. They were highly valued by ancient Egyptians, with stones found in King Tutankhamun's tomb. Lapis Lazuli is mined primarily in Afghanistan!

1. Drusy Quartz
   Beryl
2. Aquamarine
   Fluorite

Since early times, aquamarine has been believed to endow the wearer with foresight, courage, and happiness. It is said to increase intelligence and make one youthful. As a healing stone, it is said to be effective as a treatment for anxiety!

1. Opal
   Jadeite
2. Rose Quartz
   Lapis

Jadeite has a long history that dates back to the Mayans and Aztecs, who believed that jadeite could cure pain inside the body! The Chinese have also considered jadeite to be precious for hundreds of years and have a saying that goes, "gold is valuable; jade is priceless". Jadeite is believed by the Chinese to strengthen health and promote longevity!

1. Tourmilated Quartz
   Agate
2. Jasper
   Rhodolite Garnet

The name "rhodolite" comes from the Greek word for rose-coloured; "rhodon". The best rhodolite specimens are a vivid raspberry red colour!

1. Perdiot
   Emerald
2. Cat's eye
   Unatike

Cat's eye gemstones are best shown off cabochon rings! This is because rings generally get more direct light, which allows the cat's eye to be seen!

1. Amethyst
   Labradorite
2. Turquoise
   Opal

Named for Labrador, Canada, it is a popular option for jewelry. It is said Labradorite can bring spiritual awakening for those who wear it.

1. Opal
   Moonstone
2. Diamond
   Tourmalated Quartz

It's cheap price tag and interesting design make it perfect for jewelry. It is most frequently mined in Brazil.

1. Diamond
   Sapphire
2. Moonstone
   Carnelian

A high class stone, the Carnelian was believed to be worn and purchased only by the noble class!

1. Cuprite
   Emerald
2. Sapphire
   Peridot

Blue is by far the most popular color for sapphires, but they can be almost any color, including yellow, green, white, colorless, pink, orange, brown, and purple!

1. Goldstone
   Amber
2. Ruby
   Drusy Agate

Drusy Agate is particularly fragile. These are Agates that have sprouted crystals like a Geode! They come in tons of colors!

1. Moonstone
   Lonsdaleite
2. Vasonite
   Amber

Amber is formed through the fossilization of tree resin and is considered a gemstone due to this process.

1. Vesuvianite
   Amber
2. Jasper
   Turquoise

Vesuvianite is named for deposits discovered at Mount Vesuvius in Italy! (hence the name) The familiar green colored Vesuvianite is mined in the USA and Pakistan!

1. Agate
   Goldstone
2. Opal
   Tourmaline

Goldstone is made of glass with copper suspended in it or with cobalt or manganese suspended in it! Green Goldstone is made from chromium. This gemstone mimics the appearance of the Galaxy.

1. Bloodstone
   Diamond
2. Ruby
   Chrysoprase

This gemstone exhibits vivid "blood-like" iron oxide inclusions, so the reason behind its unusual name can be clearly seen! Bloodstone is composed of chalcedony quartz, which in turn is a microcrystalline quartz variety!

1. Larimar
   Ammolite
2. Honey Onyx
   Sapphire

Honey onyx can be bought in large slabs and used as tile or other decorative pieces in a home. Back lighting onyx has become popular amoungst hotels because it gives off a beautiful crystal like glow.

1. Jasper
   Ammolite
2. Drusy quartz
   Sapphire

Ammolite is made of fossilized shells that have opalized over time and is very fragile making it difficult to be used as jewelry. It is more rare than diamonds!

1. Amethyst
   Hackmanite
2. Jasper
   Amber

One of the weirdest properties in the gemstone repertoire is something called reversible photochromism! That’s when the color changes from exposure to light, like self-adjusting sunglasses, and then back again after a period in darkness!

1. Crystal
   Tourmaline
2. Sapphire
   Black Opal

Black opal rarest type of Opal making it the most valuable gem of its kind! They are worth over $2300 per carat since they can almost exclusively be found in New South Wales Lightning Ridge Mine.

1. Agate
   Jasper
2. Danburite
   Diamond

The largest diamond ever discovered was called the Cullinan diamond, and weighed in at an amazing 3106 carats, or 1.33 pounds!

1. Lapis
   Tourmaline
2. Larimar
   Agate

Aka Dolphin Stone, Atlantis Stone or Stelfilia's Stone.Larimar is also photosensitive, so it's best to store it away from the sun or heat because it will fade! Larimar is the result of cobalt mixing with fossilized coral! The brighter the blue, the more valuable the stone.

1. Peridot
   Diamond
2. Tourmaline
   Ruby

Peridot was a favorite of Egyptian royalty! The gem is green in color, much like the Emerald!

1. Kornerupine
   Tourmaline
2. Black Opal
   Moonstone

It received its unusual name in honor of Danish geologist, Andreas Nikolaus Kornerup! The gemstone was discovered in Fiskenaesset (Greenland) in 1884, after the death of Kornerup in 1881!

1. Hematite
   Lapis
2. Quartz
   Amber

The variety known as rainbow hematite exhibits colors similar to oil on water! The drusy form of rainbow hematite is quite fragile and is usually backed with a quartz material to increase the stone's durability!

1. Garnet
   Beryl
2. Tiger's Eye
   Sapphire

Mamba is a form of tiger iron found in one area of Australia near Mount Brockman. It is a very rare type of tiger iron that contains shades of red, green, yellow, and blue!

1. Alexandrite
   Diamond
2. Peridot
   Sapphire

Alexandrite is named for Tsar Alexander II of Russia. It was found in the Ural Mountains in 1830 and costs up to $12,000 per carat.

1. Hauyne
   Emerald
2. Herkimer Diamond
   Black Opal

This gem has sulfur like hackmanite but also incorporates calcium, bound water, and sometimes potassium. One of the more rarely isolated components of lapis lazuli, haüyne is mostly famous for its almost supernatural-looking blue color!

1. Opal
   Moonstone
2. Musgravite
   Citrine

Musgravite comes in at a jaw-dropping $35,000 per carat due to its extreme rarity. There was only a handful of gems until recently when miners all over the world discovered small deposits of it.

1. Black Onyx
   Blue Lace Agate
2. Taaffeite
   Moonstone

Taaffeite is named after the Australian gemologist, Richard Taaffe. Taaffe discovered the stone in 1945. It is extremely rare with only a few stones ever found, yet only costs $1500-2500 per carat.

1. Jasper
   Bixbite
2. Calcite
   Chrome

Red Beryl can only be commercially mined in the Wah Wah Mountains of Utah. Red Beryl sells for as much as $10,000 per carat making it more expensive than gold and certain diamonds.

1. Thortveitite
   Jasper
2. Topaz
   Azurite

In 2004 a purplish pebble turned up in Bangkok in a batch of rough gemstones from Africa. It fell to the floor at one point and split off a fragment, which was saved. After the stones were all cut, a routine series of tests revealed that the purplish one didn’t resemble anything previously known!

1. Chrysocolla
   Lapis
2. Moonstone
   Opal

The gemstone Chrysocolla is often confused with turquoise! It is a copper bearing mineral found wherever copper deposits occur!

1. Lapis
   Orthoceras
2. Jasper
   Garnet

Orthoceras or Ammonites are fossils! Ammonites are the ancient equivalent to the modern-day chambered Nautilus. These sea faring squids built a chambered shell in which they would pump air into the empty chambers and float at different levels of the ocean in search of food!

1. Ammolite
   Sapphire
2. Matriz Opal
   Shungite

It is a type of coal! You’ll find it polished into the shapes of pyramids, cubes, eggs, spheres, various talismans, and, for the budget-minded, freeform tumbled stones. It’s touted as a water purifier, cure-all, evil-repeller, virility-reinvigorator, and so on!

1. Jade
   Kyanite
2. Citrine
   Labradorite

Citrine is a variety of quartz ranging in colors of yellow, yellow-brown, orange, dark orange-brown, reddish-brown! Citrine crystals can form together with amethyst or smoky quartz to form a bi-colored quartz called ametrine!

1. Inlaid
   Aventurine
2. Topaz
   Peridot

Aventurine is a translucent to opaque variety of microcrystalline quartz. Inclusions of mica will give a silverish sheen, while inclusions of hematite give a reddish or grayish sparkle!

1. Painite
   Quartz
2. Tourmaline
   Jasper

Painite was discovered by Arthur C.D. Paine and is known as one of the rarest gems on earth. Its rarity makes it's cost per carat an astonishingly high $50,000-$60,000.

1. Benitoite
   Tanzanite
2. Beryl
   Aquamarine

Tanzanite has limited availability and is forseen to be mined completely within the next 30 years.

1. Garnet
   Topaz
2. Amazonite
   Jasper

It displays a schiller of light which is caused by inclusions. Schiller is a lustrous reflection from planes in a mineral grain and is similar to what is more commonly known as iridescence! The schiller is caused by a feature of the stone's crystal structure!

1. Sapphire
   Kona Dolomite
2. Turquoise
   Obsidian

Named after the Kona Hills south of Marquette County, Michigan where it is found. Kona Dolomite is an ancient rock in which formations of fossil stromatolite (blue-green algae) occur! The stone is between 2.1 to 2.2 billion years old. These stromatolite formations are from some of the first life on earth!

1. Chalcedony
   Opal
2. Tourmaline
   Malachite

Malachite is a popular stone which has light and dark green banded areas! Many beautiful specimens of malachite contain special combinations with other minerals!

1. Unatike
   Matrix Opal
2. Black Opal
   Jasper

Opals come in interesting varieties. Boulder or Matrix Opals exist as a mixture into the rock the opal has formed on!

1. Turquoise
   Agate
2. Chrysoprase
   Amber

Chrysoprase is a beautiful teal color! Chrysoprase is a variety of chalcedony, which is made from silica and forms a "micro crystalline" structure. This stone gets its green color from Nickel!

1. Moonstone
   Garnet
2. Opal
   Topaz

Moonstone belongs to the large mineral family of feldspars. It is an opalescent stone which can range from colorless to blue, peach, green, pink, yellow, brown or gray with a silvery scheen! The appearance resembles the moon!

1. Tourmaline
   Quantum Quattro
2. Moonstone
   Topaz

Quantum-Quattro is in the Silica family! It contains bright medium blues, dark royal blues, dark forest and light greens!

1. Jasper
   Amber
2. Drusy Agate
   Enstatite

he name "enstatite" comes from the Greek "enstates", which means "adversary". This is because enstatite has a high melting point and was resistant to being treated with a blow torch!

1. Lapis
   Unakite
2. Jasper
   Opal

They are mostly found in the mountains of North Carolina, USA! This earthy colored stone is a combination of two opaque minerals: red jasper and green epidote!

1. Proustite
   Ammolite
2. Ruby
   Peridot

Proustite is nature’s version of photographic film. Freshly excavated, the choicest crystals are transparent and spectacularly red with a metallic luster. But intemperate exposure to light over time makes them cloud up and blacken permanently!

1. Emerald
   Hemimorphite
2. Hessonite
   Lolite

Lolite is a transparent gem-quality form of cordierite, a magnesium iron aluminum cyclosilicate mineral. ... Iolite's strong pleochroism earned it the misleading trade name of 'water-sapphire!'

1. Turquoise
   Jasper
2. Icosahedrite
   Carnelian

Jasper is a beautiful red stone. It is commonly found throughout the world. It's said that Jasper is a great healing crystal.

1. Blue Spinel
   Blue Agate
2. Benitoite
   Sapphire

Benitoite was first discovered in 1907. It glows a bright chalky blue under UV light and comes in at a whopping $3000-4000 per carat.