1. star
   square
2. cross

A Torx or star bit has a shape like a six-pointed star. It's used for tamper resistance, but also makes it easier to tighten a fastener without stripping it compared to other bits.

1. straight
   cross
2. hexagon

Screws have different openings on the head, which require different types of screwdrivers to manipulate. The Phillips head has a characteristic cross shape, which allows for more secure and stable function than a standard slot-head.

1. plywood
   particle board
2. MDF

Plywood is made from sheets of wood veneer, while MDF is made from wood fibers. Particle board is the cheapest of the three, and is basically made from compressed sawdust.

1. miter saw
   circular saw
2. jigsaw

Crown molding requires carefully angled cuts to make the pieces line up perfectly when you install them. A miter saw, which has a pivoting swing arm, allows you to easily make the angled cuts that other saws can't.

1. length
   thickness
2. hardness

Planers are old-school wood shop tools, though they've advanced over the years thanks to technology. This tool allows you to adjust the thickness of a slab of wood by planing shavings off the face of the board.

1. rip saw
   lathe saw
2. cross-cut saw

Cross-cut saws have teeth designed specifically for cutting against the grain. Rip saws, on the other hand, are used to cut along the wood grain -- or parallel to the grain.

1. They drill holes quickly.
   They make very clean cuts.
2. They can be used without a power drill.

Spade bits can be inserted into the chuck of a power drill to quickly and easily cut a hole in a piece of wood. The biggest problem with these bits is that they tend to splinter or split the wood if you don't use them very carefully. Spade bits require more speed than you can achieve using non-powered hand tools alone.

1. cracker
   cookie
2. biscuit

A biscuit is a piece of pressed wood used to join two or more pieces of wood. The pieces being joined must have a crescent-shaped hole to accept the biscuit, which is then secured with wood glue.

1. screwdriver
   chisel
2. utility knife

A utility knife uses a simple razor blade to cut. When the blade is dull or damaged, it can simply be removed and replaced.

1. boater
   batten
2. beater

A batten is a simple thin strip of wood used to reinforce a joint or length of wood. For an easy example of this concept, picture a board and batten shutter, which uses strips of wood placed parallel to the ground to reinforce the vertical members.

1. split it in two
   put an angle in it
2. coat it with polyurethane

To bevel something in the wood shop means to add an angle to it. Both the act of adding the angle and the angle itself may be referred to by the term bevel.

1. length
   hardness
2. volume

Lumber is sold by the board foot. One board foot is equal to the volume of a piece of wood that is one foot long, one foot wide and one inch thick.

1. wood hard enough to be used for flooring
   wood made from the sapwood of a tree
2. wood from a broad-leafed tree

The terms hardwood and softwood can be super confusing for all but the most experienced woodcrafters. Hardwood refers only to wood from a broad-leafed tree, like an oak, while softwood is wood from a conifer, like a pine. The terms have nothing to do with how hard the wood is.

1. curve
   45-degree angle
2. type of wood joint

An ogee is an S-shaped curve, which basically consists of two connected arcs that face opposite directions. Ogee curves are very common in molding, trim and furniture.

1. dresser drawer
   table top
2. table leg

A lathe is a piece of equipment used to turn or spin wood as you work on it. It's the ideal tool for crafting a pen, chair leg or table leg.

1. slip match
   random match
2. book match

When sheets of wood veneer are used to finish things like doors or furniture, they typically don't come in one continuous sheet. Instead, multiple sheets are placed side-by-side, and the pattern used to lay out these sheets is known as matching. With book matching, two adjacent sheets are placed so that they mirror each other, creating a unique effect.

1. triangular
   rectangular
2. round

Carpenter's pencils have an unusual rectangular shape. This not only means that they stay where you put them and don't roll away, but it also means more surface area so they are easier to hold.

1. leave it flush with the wood
   cut off the head after you insert it
2. remove it from the wood

When you place a screw into a hole, the head of the screw sticks out slightly from the surface of the wood. By countersinking, you widen and bevel the edges of the hole so that the entire head of the screw fits inside.

1. 32
   120
2. 320

The roughness of sandpaper is measured in grit, with higher numbers equating to finer grits and lower numbers to rougher or more abrasive grits. Use higher grits for fine work, like the final smoothing of wood before applying a finish.

1. hardness
   fire-resistance
2. water-resistance

The Janka test is a standard method to determine the various hardnesses of different types of wood. It's how we know that oak, walnut and cedar are stronger and harder than balsa, hemlock or white pine.

1. pancake
   shortbread
2. gingerbread

Gingerbread trim, also known as fretwork, is full of fine, fanciful details. It's typically used on furniture or on the exterior of a home.

1. They are rounded.
   They are trapezoids.
2. They are rectangular.

Dovetail joints serve as a way to join two pieces of wood together. Pins or teeth are cut in the edge of each section and fit together, with the pins taking on a trapezoidal shape for greater hold and stability.

1. only the knuckles
   the entire hinge
2. none of the hinge

Woodcrafters use a variety of hinges on the doors of cabinets and furnishings. The most basic are butt hinges, which consist of two metal leafs connected by a set of knuckles. When you close a door equipped with butt hinges, only the knuckles are visible, and the rest of the hinge is hidden behind the door.

1. miter saw
   table saw
2. jigsaw

Reciprocating saws have blades that use a push-pull motion to cut. A jigsaw is an example of this. Most table saws feature a spinning blade to cut and don't use a push-pull action.

1. smooth it with sandpaper
   apply varnish
2. glue it together

Laminating wood means gluing multiple pieces together. This can be as simple as joining two sheets of plywood, or adding a layer of veneer to a wood composite core.

1. 2x4
   1.5x3.5
2. 2.5x4.5

A 2x4 only measures 2 inches by 4 inches when it's first cut. After it's been dried and planed and shipped to your local store, it will have an actual finished dimension of 1.5 by 3.5 inches.

1. orbital sander
   belt sander
2. They are both equally appropriate.

Belt sanders provide a rougher, more aggressive sanding than orbital sanders, making belt sanders good for rugged work and orbital sanders good for finish or fine work.

1. dovetail
   biscuit
2. finger

Finger joints are used to join two or more pieces of wood. They are similar to dovetails, but have rectangular teeth rather than trapezoidal ones, and lock together like interlocking fingers.

1. linseed oil
   tung oil
2. polyurethane

Linseed oil, which comes from the flax plant, has long been a popular sealant and finish for wood. It not only helps accentuate the wood grain, but also serves as a protective sealant.

1. plain cut
   quarter-sawn
2. rift-sawn

If you take a log and cut it longways, that's a plain cut. This is the cheapest and easiest way to produce lumber. Quarter-sawn wood comes from quartered logs, while rift-sawn is the most expensive and involves the most waste.