1. Stone
   Straw
2. Brick
   Wood

It was not until the arrival of William the Conqueror that Britain would see stone castles. Prior to this, castles were predominantly made of wood, relying on earthworks for the bulk of their protection, and wood as an easy material with which to build, and repair.

1. The Bible
   The Constitution
2. Malleus Malefacorum
   Magna Carta

Signed by King John in 1215, Magna Carta, the "Great Charter," established the basics of the British representational government, including the bicameral houses (Lords and Commons). Not initially considered a "constitution" in the modern sense, it became the de facto British constitution as legal scholars began citing it as such in the 16th century.

1. 10,000 BC
   130,000 BC
2. 60,000 BC
   6,000 BC

Before 6000 BC, the topography of Europe was very different. The Ice Age eroded the land connecting Britain to Europe, but the melting of the ice also buried the exposed ground under what would come to be called the English Channel. Prior to this, Britain was not only part of Europe, but it was also home to prehistoric giant beavers, mammoths and Neanderthals.

1. The Mustang
   The Rocket
2. It didn't have a name.
   None of the above

The Rocket may be the most famous of early locomotives, but that is largely due to being an early example of successful marketing and a bit of accidental success. The Rocket featured many of the technologies we now associate with locomotives, but its demonstration, which led to the first railway death as it hit someone on the tracks, came long after Richard Trevithick's much earlier, unnamed locomotives hauled heavy cargo.

1. The South Downs
   Wales
2. Cornwall
   Norfolk

Boudica, the famous British warrior who fought the Romans in 60 and 61 AD, came from a tribe in Norfolk. She and her husband were members of a Celtic tribe called the Iceni, and when Rome ignored their will and seized their lands, Boudica was inspired to lead a rebellion.

1. Athelstan
   Aethelred The Unready
2. Edgar The Peaceful
   William I

While many kingdoms existed in England before his reign, it was not until the time of King Athelstan that there was a Kingdom of England. Before this, his predecessors were simply Kings of Wessex, etc. This would include King Aethelred of Wessex, often called Aethelred I, despite not being a King of England. In truth, Aethelred the Unready should be considered Aethelred I.

1. Tim Peake
   Helen Sharman
2. Piers Sellers
   Michael Foale

Though Helen Sharman could technically be considered a cosmonaut, not an astronaut, because it was Russia who put her in space, Helen Sharman can lay claim to being the first Briton in space and the first woman to visit the Mir Space Station. A chemist by training, her work with chocolate led to her being dubbed "The Girl from Mars" in the press.

1. The coronation of King Cnut
   The eviction of Eric Bloodaxe from Jorvik
2. The Battle of Hastings
   The Battle of Britain

The Bayeux Tapestry is the famous visual record of the Battle of Hastings, the event that began the reign of William the Conqueror. While hardly a photographic record, it gives a sense of the scope of the invasion, the people involved, and the way they saw things in victory.

1. 1952
   1956
2. 1954
   1953

Princess Elizabeth formally became Queen Elizabeth II on the second of June, 1953, at the tender age of 25. The longest-reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth has been the monarch for so long, it is hard to imagine any other arrangement. Previously, the longest-reigning British monarch was Queen Victoria.

1. Liverpool
   Chester
2. Edinburgh
   Bristol

Perhaps it was fate that meant The Beatles would come into existence in Liverpool. Liverpool was a place where, thanks to the presence of trade, many American jazz records would find purchase in England, meaning that young musicians could listen to them and be inspired by them. As a result, it was four musicians from Liverpool who became The Beatles.

1. King Harold II
   King Aethelred
2. King Sweyn Forkbeard
   King Cnut

When King William I arrived in England and fought the Battle of Hastings, he faced King Harold Godwinson, who died in that battle. Before Harold being King of England, Edward the Confessor was King, preceded by Harthacnut, who was the son of Cnut, who was the son of Sweyn Forkbeard. Edgar Ætheling had been selected as King by the Witenagemot but never crowned; thus he isn't counted as King of England.

1. Reliant Robin
   AC Frua
2. Lotus Elan
   MG MGB

The Reliant Robin was not reliable. It was not powerful. It was not attractive. It was not even safe. It was, however, only a three-wheeled car, which meant that as far as insurance companies were concerned, it was a motorcycle, and did not require the higher rates charged to the owners of other cars.

1. Norway
   France
2. Monaco
   Liechtenstein

For a brief time, England, Norway and Denmark were three lands held by one monarch. This happened when the King of Denmark, Sweyn Forkbeard, took England from King Aethelred, and later, when his son, King Cnut, was King. Cnut lost Norway.

1. Northumbria
   Winterfell
2. The Danelaw
   All of the above

The ninth century saw the expansion of the Danes into England. Previously content to raid and return to Denmark, this time, the Danes settled in the north, founding towns such as Jorvik (York). As Danish law prevailed in these lands, rather than Mercian or West Saxon law, it was named The Danelaw.

1. James V
   James VI
2. Henry VIII
   George I

King James VI and I was the monarch who reigned when the English translation of the Bible known as the King James Bible was completed. Previous English translations had been commissioned under King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I.

1. He spoke softly so his opponents would not know for what they were voting.
   He buried the legislation inside of another, unrelated bill.
2. He passed the bill in the middle of the night.
   He gave away free tickets.

Facing powerful opposition to his efforts to end the slave trade, Pitt the Younger persuaded many of his fellow MPs to vote for the measure that effectively ended the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Sadly, this wasn't enough to pass the bill, so on the day of the otherwise unannounced vote, he had an ally distribute free tickets to a horse race among his opponents. They did not appear for the vote.

1. "Then light everything on fire."
   "Just because I'm called Fairbairn doesn't mean I'm fair."
2. "And then kick him in the [crotch]."
   "Fight for King and country."

William E. Fairbairn was a tough-as-nails policeman who had learnt his trade in Asia, where knowing how to fight with knives was particularly useful. When the Allies needed someone to run their commando school, he was selected. Students of his often recall that after instructing them on how to respond to any attack, the engagement should end with a blow to the crotch.

1. Alexander Graham Bell
   Thomas Edison
2. Nicola Tesla
   Steve Jobs

Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone and innovator in other areas of science, was born in Edinburgh to a family including both deaf people and academics whose work was in elocution. He would later move to America and Canada, which is where he passed away.

1. Aethelred II
   Edward The Martyr
2. Cnut the Great
   Sweyn Forkbeard

Sweyn Forkbeard was a very ambitious man. He overthrew his father, the Danish King Harald Bluetooth (yes, that Bluetooth) to become King of Denmark and Norway, and later invaded England, burning London and seizing power. He didn't last long, though, dying a few weeks later.

1. A famine
   The introduction of cattle
2. The invention of the plough
   The cultivation of hay

Before hay, livestock had to be grazed in water meadows. By being able to cultivate hay, land could be used more flexibly. This lead to the stripping of the land owned by churls (landowning peasants) and the creation of the Commons. It also meant forcing peasants to live in towns to keep watch over them and ensure they paid their significant taxes.

1. "The Full Monty"
   "Kes"
2. "Dead Again"
   "Chariots of Fire"

"Chariots of Fire" was a groundbreaking film and made to an excellent standard. It won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Original Score, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Costume Design. It also won the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Film and was nominated for 11 BAFTAs, of which it won three.

1. McLaren
   Aston Martin
2. Mini
   Ascari

While McLaren was part of the team behind the legendary Mercedes-Benz SLR supercar 20 years ago, Aston Martin lays claim to the most recent collaboration with the German automaker. Right now, Aston Martin sources engines for all its new, petrol-powered vehicles from the German tuning company AMG, a division of Mercedes-Benz.

1. The Millennium Wheel
   The Coca Cola London Eye
2. The Merlin Entertainments London Eye
   The Lastminute.com London Eye

While the London Eye has been forced to endure all these names as it has become the site of major corporate branding, it was originally called the Millennium Wheel, as it was intended as a temporary attraction for the colloquial turn of the millennium from 1999 to 2000 (the actual millennium changed in 2001). It was supposed to open on New Year's Eve, 1999, but technical problems kept it from working for several months.

1. Henry VII
   Henry VIII
2. Richard III
   Richard II

Much maligned King Richard III's reputation has suffered greatly as a result of the biographical play by William Shakespeare. Accused of being behind the deaths of the Princes of The Tower, he was defeated by Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. His play was written during the reign of one of Henry Tudor's descendants.

1. French
   Welsh
2. Cornish
   Danish

When William the Conqueror took England, he wanted to build an exceptional castle in his new capital. As his predecessor had completed Westminster Abbey, after making a deal with the people of London so that they would allow him to enter peacefully, he put his architects to work in 1078. To ensure his new stone castle would stand out, he imported stone from France with which its central structures were built.

1. Hastings
   The Tower of London
2. Westminster Castle
   Chepstow Castle

Completed in 1070, Chepstow Castle is the first stone castle built in Britain by William the Conqueror. Building began in 1067, and the castle would become an essential part of the Norman conquest of Wales, though it would later fall into disuse and disrepair.

1. Hastings
   Lincoln
2. Battle
   Maldon

While the town of Hastings is the namesake of the Battle of Hastings, the name of the contemporary municipality that is the location of the actual battlefield is the town of Battle, just outside of Hastings. Similarly, the Battle of Waterloo was fought in the towns of Braine-l'Alleud and Lasne, not Waterloo, and the Woodstock Music Festival of 1969 was held in Saugerties, New York, not Woodstock, New York.

1. The CIA
   The GRU
2. The OSS
   The SOE

The Special Operations Executive was a branch of the Ministry of Economic Warfare conducting top-secret operations against the Axis Powers in WW2. Comprised of the castoffs and misfits who would never even be interviewed by MI-6, the SOE sent its agents to teach insurgent groups like the French Resistance how to make bombs and what to attack for the greatest strategic effect.

1. 1410
   1295
2. 1340
   1305

Scottish rebel William Wallace, who led a rebellion that succeeded in defeating an English army at the Battle of Sterling Bridge, was captured and executed by the King of England. After his execution, his remains were publicly displayed. Seven years later, Robert the Bruce would lead Scotland to victory against England at The Battle of Bannockburn.

1. Cenobite
   Column
2. Obelisk
   Cenotaph

1919 saw the erection of Sir Edwin Lutyens's monument to the dead of WW1 whose remains could not be found, and who were left somewhere in the theatre of war where they fell. The name "cenotaph" derives from the Greek for "tomb," and the design of Lutyens's monument at Whitehall became the inspiration for cenotaphs the world over.

1. The Labour Party
   Blair's Bunch
2. Tony's Cronies
   Tony's Phonies

Indeed, when Tony Blair saw to the elevation of political allies during his time as PM and head of "New Labour," this was seen as a cynical power grab. One result was the name given to his appointed Lords, Tony's Cronies. This name was not limited to his friends who received life peerages, but anyone who was given power under the suspicion of being nothing more than the recipient of nepotism.

1. Edith
   Alexandretta
2. Alexandrina
   Victoria

Named for her godfather, Czar Alexander of Russia, Queen Victoria's given name was Alexandrina, or "Drina" for short when she was young. Upon ascending to the throne, she decided to forego Alexandrina for her middle name, Victoria. Had she not done this, Victorians would be known as Alexandrinians.

1. Sir Robert Walpole
   Sir Winston Churchill
2. John Major
   David Cameron

Sir Winston Churchill is remembered for his accomplishments, and occasionally his failures, but one thing that is not widely known about him is that he had a speech impediment. While it's not entirely clear which modern term would be applied to his speech disability, it is thought he had lateral or "side discharge" lisp, garbling "s" sounds. With his affected manner of speaking, Churchill overcame this gracefully.

1. The football pitch
   The cricket pitch
2. The tennis courts
   The horse racetrack

Henry VIII was a keen athlete, a quality which ultimately led to his horrific fall from a horse and a broken leg that would never quite heal for the rest of his days. Tennis was a sport he particularly enjoyed, but at the time, it was an indoor sport, and the tennis courts at Hampton Court were built indoors. Today, it is a club where anyone can play, provided they become members.

1. Edmund Cartwright
   George Stephenson
2. Joseph Locke
   Isambard Kingdom Brunel

The Industrial Revolution saw the rise of many great British inventors and civil engineers. Isambard Kingdom Brunel was not only one of the finest minds, but also one of the most accomplished of all. The architect of much of the new, Victorian infrastructure, he designed the Box Tunnel, steamships, The Clifton Suspension Bridge and other engineering marvels.