1. webbing
   air pressurized water fire extinguisher
2. fire hook
   fire rake

Webbing is a fundamental tool for firefighters. It is simply a strip of woven fabric, but it is so versatile that it gets put to a wide variety of uses. For example, it can assist with pulling injured victims and firefighters out of harm’s way and help with dragging equipment, such as fire hoses, from one location to another.

1. brush fire broom
   portable radio
2. door/sprinkler wedge
   Indian tank

Wedges are inexpensive yet indispensable tools for a firefighting crew to have. They can be used to hold doors open in instances where the door closing behind you can leave you trapped on the inside. Also, two wedges pushed in from opposite directions can effectively shut off the water from a sprinkler head.

1. adjustable hydrant wrench
   self-contained breathing apparatus
2. fire hose
   flare gun

Flare guns are traditionally used for signalling and for providing illumination. Firefighters, however, put them to another use: starting a prescribed and controlled fire so as to use up “fuel” ahead of a large fire.

1. Cooper hose jacket
   fire swatter
2. sledgehammer
   fire shelter

The sledgehammer is the tool of choice for delivering powerful, destructive blows. Its large head and long handle allow the firefighter to use less time and effort getting through barricades.

1. window punch
   chainsaw
2. fire-resistant balaclava
   roof ladder

Firefighters rely heavily on an array of chainsaws for the cutting power they provide. They can be used for forcible entry and to provide ventilation for crew members inside a burning building. A chainsaw can also be used to cut away branches, perhaps to free a car and passengers trapped under a fallen tree.

1. seatbelt cutter
   fire shovel
2. Pulaski axe
   handheld weather meter

A handheld weather meter can provide firefighters with valuable information as they tackle wildland fires. It gives readings of wind speed and wind direction, as well as temperature and humidity, all of which help firefighters to know where a fire is heading, where to start a backfire and where to build firebreaks.

1. McLeod tool
   heavy duty work gloves
2. bolt cutter
   hydraulic cutter

It is very important that a firefighter’s work gloves provide both protection and flexibility. Firefighters work in various hazardous conditions, so while protecting their hands, they must still be able to effectively and efficiently manipulate several different types of firefighting tools.

1. fire hook
   drip torch
2. webbing
   hose shutoff clamp

The fire hook or pike pole may not be as extensively used by firefighters as it was in the past, but it is still a very convenient piece of equipment for the crew to have. The closet hook is the shorter version of the fire hook, for use in tight spaces.

1. hydraulic spreader
   extension ladder
2. flathead axe
   Halligan tool

An extension ladder is also called a telescopic ladder. It can be extended for greater reach and then collapsed for easy storage. Some fire trucks come equipped with a turntable extension ladder which is fixed to a swivel base atop the truck.

1. roof ladder
   hose shutoff clamp
2. fire hose
   Pulaski ax

The Pulaski ax is actually a combination ax and adze. It can chop thick brush and dig into rough, hard ground. It is often used by forest firefighters to clear vegetation so as to create a firebreak. It is named after Ed Pulaski who worked as an assistant ranger with the United States Forest Service and is said to have designed this very special tool in 1911.

1. fire shovel
   brush fire broom
2. fire rake
   TNT tool

Wildland fires often have to be fought without the assistance of water. In these cases, firefighters have several tools, such as the brush fire broom, at their disposal to smother the fire.

1. window punch
   Halligan tool
2. Indian tank
   k-tool

The typical window punch was the go-to tool used by rescuers when they needed to break auto glass. More recently, however, auto glass is being designed as laminated (in layers) for greater safety but most window punches are unable to break through them. In these cases, firefighters may have to use axes or saws, instead.

1. drip torch
   flare gun
2. self-contained breathing apparatus
   thermal imaging camera

Very often the firefighter has to enter environments where there is no breathable air, perhaps due to smoke or toxic air pollutants. In these cases, the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) becomes a life-saving device. When designed for use underwater, it is called a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA).

1. portable radio
   McLeod tool
2. handheld weather meter
   hydraulic cutter

McLeod tool is a rake/hoe combination tool for digging firebreaks. It is often put to use when fighting fires in mountainous or rocky locations.

1. adjustable hydrant wrench
   Cooper hose jacket
2. seatbelt cutter
   sledgehammer

The cutting edge of a seatbelt cutter is extremely sharp and so, for the sake of safety, it is often placed in a protective housing. Seatbelt cutters are typically incorporated into window punches, knives, flashlights and other rescue tools.

1. pickhead ax
   fire shelter
2. fire swatter
   air pressurized water fire extinguisher

The air pressurized water fire extinguisher (or simply APW) is just one of the various types of extinguishers carried by the firefighting crew. Other types are the carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguisher and the dry chemical extinguisher. The contents of each extinguisher are meant to be used on a specific type of fire.

1. chainsaw
   hydraulic spreader
2. roof ladder
   door/sprinkler wedge

The roof ladder has hooks or a clamping device which allows it to grip securely to a roof so firefighters or people in need of rescuing can climb safely up or down. There are other types of hook ladders which are designed to fit onto window sills.

1. K-tool
   cable cutter
2. extension ladder
   heavy duty work gloves

The K-tool allows firefighters to gain entry “through the lock” of a locked door as opposed to trying to break the door down. It is now a preferred method and has replaced use of many other forcible entry tools.

1. flathead ax
   bolt cutter
2. webbing
   Indian tank

Indian pumps or Indian tanks are often used when fighting wildfires. On some models, the tank is a collapsible bag which makes it easy to store and to carry to and from the site of the fire.

1. flathead ax
   hydraulic cutter
2. air pressurized water fire extinguisher
   TNT tool

The flathead ax is often part of a firefighter’s “set of irons,” the other part of the set being a Halligan tool. The two are said to be “married and carried” forming the ideal implement for striking and prying during forcible entry.

1. McLeod tool
   Pulaski ax
2. hose shutoff clamp
   fire swatter

The fire swatter’s long handle ensures that the firefighter can remain at a relatively safe distance from the flames while using the tool. Also, its broad head lets it effectively cover and smother sections of flames or burning embers.

1. window punch
   drip torch
2. hydraulic spreader
   cable cutter

When tackling a wildfire, firefighters have to have a fire plan. That plan quite often includes using a drip torch to start a prescribed and controlled fire ahead of the one they are fighting so as to use up the fuel before it gets there.

1. adjustable hydrant wrench
   self-contained breathing apparatus
2. pickhead ax
   fire-resistant balaclava

Upon arriving at the scene of a fire, it is essential for firefighters to gain access to water in any available hydrants. The adjustable hydrant wrench can fit over nuts of various sizes, allowing the firefighter to quickly and easily remove hydrant caps and open hydrant valves.

1. bolt cutter
   Pulaski axe
2. fire hose
   Stokes basket

Although it is called a bolt cutter, this versatile tool is put to many other uses by firefighters. It can cut through padlocks, wire mesh, reinforced rods and chain links.

1. fire swatter
   extension ladder extension ladder
2. Halligan tool
   portable radio

Firefighters are often required to break into homes and other buildings in order to save lives and property. The Halligan, sometimes referred to as a Halligan bar, is a very common tool used by firefighters for forcible entry. It was designed in 1948 by First Deputy Chief Hugh Halligan of the New York City Fire Department.

1. cable cutter
   seatbelt cutter
2. fire shovel
   heavy duty work gloves

This basic but indispensable tool gets used in several ways when fighting wildfires. It can be used to dig up dirt for smothering a fire; to build a firebreak to stop a fire in its tracks; and to hack away at dry bushes which could become added fuel for the fire.

1. brush fire broom
   fire shelter
2. sledgehammer
   handheld weather meter

The fire shelter is viewed as a last resort for firefighters trapped in a wildfire and it has saved many lives since being introduced in the 1960s. Firefighters are trained, however, to take every precaution necessary so that they will not have to use the fire shelter, since it can protect against high heat but not intense, direct flames.

1. fire-resistant balaclava
   air pressurized water fire extinguisher
2. flare gun
   adjustable hydrant wrench

The fire-resistant balaclava worn by firefighters is designed so that the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) they wear is not impeded by it. The most common material used in making fire-resistant balaclavas is Nomex, which is very resistant to high heat, chemicals and radiation.

1. thermal imaging camera
   K-tool
2. pickhead ax
   window punch

The pickhead ax or pickax is made with a cutting blade on one side of the head and a pick on the other. The handle is traditionally made of wood, with fiberglass becoming a popular option nowadays. The pickhead ax is often used for forcible entry as well as for digging.

1. Cooper hose jacket
   hydraulic cutter
2. TNT tool
   heavy duty work gloves

There are several hydraulic tools used as extrication tools by firefighters, especially at the scene of vehicular accidents. These include the hydraulic spreader, hydraulic cutter and hydraulic ram.

1. door/sprinkler wedge
   self-contained breathing apparatus
2. fire-resistant balaclava
   fire rake

The fire rake is often called into action during wildfire suppression, and as such, it is built to be durable in the most challenging conditions. One wildland use of the fire rake is to remove undergrowth and other possible “fuel” from a firebreak.

1. McLeod tool
   k-tool
2. hose shutoff clamp
   chainsaw

With a hose shutoff clamp, the firefighters can momentarily stop the water flowing through a hose. They can then quickly change hose nozzles, replace a faulty hose or add another hose for extra reach with no time wasted.

1. Stokes basket
   seatbelt cutter
2. extension ladder
   portable radio

Communication is a key part of the firefighter’s ability to get each job done effectively. Whether it is reporting on the progress of an operation, requesting assistance or alerting others to your location, the radio plays a vital (often life-or-death) role in how all firefighting crews operate.

1. brush fire broom
   fire hose
2. Halligan tool
   pickhead axe

Many fire hoses are made of two layers – an inside liner and an outer jacket. They are used for applying water as well as other extinguishing agents, such as foam, to a fire.

1. bolt cutter
   roof ladder
2. Stokes basket
   TNT tool

The TNT tool (or Denver tool) is described as a 5-in-1 tool. It is a combination of a sledgehammer, D-handle, pry tool, ax and ram. A TNT tool can be used to ram in doors, pull down drywall, break through a roof to provide ventilation, pry open vehicles after an accident and chop through vegetation.

1. hydraulic spreader
   chainsaw
2. sledgehammer
   webbing

The hydraulic spreader is often used at the scene of vehicular accidents to pry apart sections of the vehicle so a trapped person can be freed. There is also a combination tool which acts as both a spreader and a cutter.

1. handheld weather meter
   flathead axe
2. Stokes basket
   fire rake

The Stokes basket was designed by Charles Francis Stokes, a rear admiral and Surgeon General of the United States Navy (1910 to 1924). This vital piece of search and rescue equipment is also called a Stokes litter or a Stokes stretcher.

1. flare gun
   cable cutter
2. fire shelter
   Indian tank

Cable cutters can be thought of as the larger version of wire cutters. They are somewhat handier than wire cutters, however, as they can cut through thin wire, as well as spun cable. They can also cut through multiple wires at the same time.

1. door/sprinkler wedge
   fire hook
2. drip torch
   thermal imaging camera

The thermal imaging camera (TIC) has proven to be one of the most important search and rescue devices for firefighters. It can be used to determine where hotspots are located and to quickly find people inside structures without having to search every possible nook and cranny.