1. Paleontologist
   Geologist
2. Seismologist
   Agronomist

You have paleontologists to thank for the dinosaur bones you see displayed at the museum. Paleontologists study ancient fossils to discover what life was like thousands of years ago.

1. Physicist
   Geneticist
2. Seismologist
   Psychiatrist

People once thought that earthquakes were caused by angry gods or subterranean gases. Seismologists study seismic waves through the Earth to better understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis.

1. Marine biologist
   Cytologist
2. Epidemiologist
   Botanist

Cytologists explore the functions and structure of cells to aid in medical research. They are concerned with both eukaryotes, which have a nucleus, and prokaryotes, which include bacteria.

1. Microbiologist
   Physicist
2. Geologist
   Geneticist

Have you ever wondered how your parents' traits got passed down to you? Geneticists could tell you how; they study genes and heredity. They owe Gregor Mendel some thanks for his early work in the field.

1. Nuclear chemist
   Oceanologist
2. Petrologist
   Anthropologist

Remember learning about igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks in school? A petrologist studies those three kinds of rocks and how they form. Petrology and mineralogy often go hand in hand.

1. Entomologist
   Criminologist
2. Sociologist
   Osteologist

Entomology, or the study of insects, is a particular branch of zoology. Since there are potentially millions of species of insects — many unclassified — entomologists have plenty of subjects to study!

1. Ornithologist
   Ecologist
2. Herpetologist
   Mycologist

Before you go eating any wild mushrooms, you should consult with a mycologist. This type of scientist knows all about fungi and can determine whether wild mushrooms are toxic or not.

1. Hematologist
   Acarologist
2. Lepidopterist
   Toxicologist

Hematologists research the diseases related to blood, such as blood clots, hemophilia, leukemia and lymphoma. People with these afflictions have hematologists to thank for their treatment plans.

1. Ichthyologist
   Embryologist
2. Neuroscientist
   Lepidopterist

Lepidopterology, or the scientific study of butterflies and moths, is a branch of entomology. Historically, European lepidopterists have traveled to places like Australia and Brazil to find new specimens.

1. Oncologist
   Demographer
2. Psychologist
   Pathologist

The word "oncology" comes from the Greek for "study of tumors." Oncologists stay busy studying the causes of cancer and researching ways to cure it. They also list risk factors to avoid.

1. Bacteriologist
   Geneticist
2. Zoologist
   Histologist

A zoologist is a type of biologist who specifically studies all animals, including ones that are extinct. Zoologists also research animals' habitats and how they fare in their ecosystems.

1. Mammalogist
   Virologist
2. Meteorologist
   Herpetologist

Herpetology, which comes from the Greek for "creeping animal," is the study of amphibians and reptiles. That covers a lot of cold-blooded animals, from lizards, snakes and turtles to frogs, salamanders and toads.

1. Stereochemist
   Cosmologist
2. Astrophysicist
   Glaciologist

If you ever need someone to explain the Big Bang Theory to you, you can ask a cosmologist. Cosmology is focused on understanding the origins and evolution of the universe. That's some pretty vast stuff!

1. Paleobotanist
   Primatologist
2. Ichnologist
   Ornithologist

Since the Stone Age, when people drew pictures of birds, people have been curious about avian species. Ornithologists seek to understand the behavior of birds, such as their migration patterns.

1. Ichthyologists
   Hydrologists
2. Quantum physicists
   Palynologists

An ichthyologist is a kind of zoologist that studies fish, and they have plenty of species to choose from. According to a global database of fish, ichthyologists discover hundreds of new fish species every year.

1. Dendrologist
   Edaphologist
2. Climatologist
   Mineralogist

Dendrologists know all about wooded plants, like trees, shrubs and vines. They often use leaf shape to identify the type of tree. Although it's similar in some ways, dendrology is distinct from botany.

1. Radiobiologists
   Immunologists
2. Virologists
   Biophysicists

Immunology is considered a branch of biology because it studies living beings — specifically, their immune systems. Thus, immunologists are concerned with organs like the thymus, spleen and liver.

1. Glaciologist
   Volcanologist
2. Sedimentologist
   Speleologist

Glaciologists study glaciers and other large bodies of ice, tracking the movement and melting of glaciers around the world. Astroglaciologists look for ice on other planets and moons.

1. Paleoclimatologist
   Geomicrobiologist
2. Speleologist
   Oceanographer

Speleology is the study of caves and how they form and change over time. Sometimes speleologists are confused with spelunkers or cavers — people who explore caves for fun. But both groups need solid caving skills.

1. Entomologist
   Botanist
2. Toxicologist
   Limnologist

Limnologists are scientists who study inland aquatic ecosystems, such as lakes, rivers, wetlands and ponds. This field of study focuses on the physical and chemical traits of inland bodies of water.

1. Aerobiologist
   Anatomist
2. Primatologist
   Parasitologist

Primatologists study primates to better understand their behavior and evolution over time. An interesting fact: women make up the majority of scientists seeking Ph.D.s in primatology.

1. Volcanologists
   Seismologists
2. Thermochemists
   Gemologists

A volcanologist is a type of geologist who focuses on volcanoes, magma and lava. These scientists study the history of volcanoes and what causes them to erupt, so they can better predict future eruptions.

1. Hydrologist
   Astrochemist
2. Cosmologist
   Meteorologist

The Greek word "meteorology" literally means "the study of things high in the air." Meteorologists study changes in the atmosphere to predict the weather. For instance, we rely on them to warn us about hurricanes.

1. Arachnologist
   Bacteriologist
2. Embryologist
   Osteologist

If you need a spider expert, an arachnologist is your safest bet. These scientists study arachnids, including spiders, scorpions and daddy longlegs. They'll know whether or not a particular spider is venomous.

1. Neuroendocrinologist
   Ornithologist
2. Marine biologist
   Quantum biologist

Since the oceans cover about 71% of Earth's surface, marine biologists have a lot of ground to cover, so to speak. They study marine life to better understand how such life affects the overall environment.

1. Microbiologist
   Parasitologist
2. Histologist
   Mineralogist

A parasitologist studies parasites and their hosts and how they interact. Parasitology is especially important to the field of medicine, because parasites can cause malaria, dysentery and other diseases.

1. Edaphologists
   Agrophysicists
2. Gemologists
   Hydrogeologists

Gemology is a branch of mineralogy that focuses on gemstones. Many jewelers become gemologists so they can better evaluate the quality of gems. They use special tools, such as a refractometer, to examine gems.

1. Astronomer
   Limnologist
2. Paleoecologist
   Thermochemist

If it's your dream to observe galaxies, comets, planets and moons, then you should consider becoming an astronomer. These scientists study celestial objects to understand how they form and move.

1. Archaeologists
   Pathologists
2. Botanists
   Mycologists

Doctors wouldn't be able to diagnose illnesses without the help of pathologists, who study the causes and effects of different diseases. Pathologists commonly analyze tissue or blood samples.

1. Ornithologist
   Paleobotanist
2. Neuroscientist
   Mammalogist

Mammalogy is a branch of zoology that focuses specifically on mammals, a diverse class of warm-blooded animals. According to mammalogists, over 6,000 mammal species have been identified thus far.

1. Pharmacologist
   Femtochemist
2. Cosmologist
   Nuclear physicist

A branch of biology, pharmacology studies drugs and their effects on living organisms. Phamacologists try to discover the therapeutic benefits of chemicals, which is useful in the creation of drugs.

1. Geologist
   Biologist
2. Ichthyologist
   Geographer

If you need an expert on solid, liquid and gaseous matter on Earth, a geologist is your best bet. These scientists also help find natural energy resources, like natural gas and petroleum.

1. Atomic physicist
   Stereochemist
2. Geographer
   Entomologist

The word "geography" comes from the Greek for "Earth description," and that's what geographers provide: a comprehensive description of the land, physical features and phenomena of the planet.

1. Bacteriologist
   Biolinguist
2. Geneticist
   Ornithologist

Lucky for us, bacteriologists study bacteria and how they impact medicine. For example, these scientists explore how certain bacteria cause diseases, which helps them develop antibiotics.

1. Virologist
   Neuroscientist
2. Primatologist
   Sociobiologist

If anyone knows all about the nervous system and its impact on learning and behavior, it's neuroscientists! They study the brain, spinal cord and nerves to better understand diseases like multiple sclerosis.

1. Climatologist
   Oceanographer
2. Palynologist
   Sedimentologist

Climatologists are concerned with climate changes. By analyzing atmospheric conditions over an indefinite period of time, they can make predictions about future climate conditions.

1. Dendrologist
   Sedimentologist
2. Particle physicist
   Petrologist

Sedimentologists look at sedimentary structures to get a better idea of the Earth's geologic history. In particular, they study how sediments form, erode, change and move over time.

1. Astrophysicists
   Ornithologists
2. Edaphologists
   Paleobiologists

Edaphology is a type of soil science that explores how soil affects plant life. Understandably, edaphologists are invaluable scientists in agriculture because they can measure soil fertility.

1. Radiobiologist
   Zoologist
2. Astronomer
   Demographer

Radiobiologists study the impact on living beings of ionizing radiation. While radiation has useful purposes, such as for treating cancer, too much of it can have adverse health effects.

1. Acarologist
   Herpetologist
2. Biologist
   Osteologist

Osteology is a branch of science that focuses on bones, their structure, how they grow and their diseases. An osteologist may, for example, be able to determine the age and sex of a human skeleton.