1. Use at the start of a sentence.
   Use for nouns mid-sentence.
2. Use for proper nouns like place names and people's names.
   Use for acronyms.

You don't use capital letters for nouns in English, unless they're at the beginning of a sentence or they're proper nouns. That means words like New York or America.

1. $3.36
   $20.16
2. $7.01
   $42.09

It's 2,000 pounds to a ton so 6720lbs is 3.36 tons. Multiply by $6 to get $20.16.

1. Pharynx
   Small Intestine
2. Kidneys
   Esophagus

Kidneys clean your blood. They do not help you digest. You can live with just one kidney, so if you know someone who needs the other, you can donate it without much risk.

1. Aortic artery
   Capillaries
2. Femoral artery
   Ventricles

It's atria, then ventricles, and then the aorta. After that it branches into smaller arteries, down to capillaries. It comes back via veins. You can remember it's out via arties and back via veins thusly, "A, A, Arteries away!"

1. Organs to do with vision.
   Organs with one specific purpose related to a sense.
2. Organs generally.
   Organs with only one function.

Organ of special sense are things like eyes, ears or nose. These are opposed to a sense like touch, which all your organs have a little of (except the brain, it doesn't really feel).

1. When your parents nag you to clean your room for no reason.
   Using methods like shaving, cleaning and deodorant to cover up or prevent body odor.
2. Conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness.
   Methods that are deployed to improve health, such as working out and cleaning yourself.

Hygiene includes proactive health maintenance and disease prevention. For example, flossing doesn't just make your breath nicer. It also stops you getting gum disease.

1. Farming land instead of letting it be wild.
   Growing crops and rearing animals.
2. Clearing woodland for farming.
   Keeping land in

The full definition of agriculture is this: the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products. These days, you can also "farm" carbon by changing methods of farming to put more of it into the soil. Agroforestry is farming in a way that preserves trees, which is increasingly viable.

1. Loam
   Sandy
2. Peaty
   Grainy

Grainy soil is not a real thing, even though some soil has a grainy characteristic. Loam, chalky, saline, sandy, clay and peaty are all types of soil.

1. Crops where you eat the part that is above the ground.
   Crops that you only plant to provide nutrition to the roots of edible crops.
2. Crops that you cannot eat but are good for the soil.
   Crops where you eat the part that is below the ground.

Root crops are anything where you eat the piece below the ground. For example, turnip, charlock, rutabaga, potato, carrot, parsnip.

1. When you slice the bark of a tree to get the sap.
   When you cut off a piece of a plant and grow it into a new plant.
2. When you cut a plant to stimulate its growth.
   When you mow a moss lawn.

Cuttings are pieces cut off plants that then grow into new plants. Not all cuttings can do this, but some do. The soil and water conditions have to be appropriate to make it work.

1. Rice
   Wheat
2. Quinoa
   Maize

Quinoa (keen-war) is not a staple crop of the US, though it should be as it is delicious and nutritious. Rice, maize, and wheat are the big three.

1. Ladybug
   Weevil
2. Cricket
   Aphid

Ladybugs are insects, but they are on our side. They eat the bad guys, such as aphids.

1. Marks that separate sentences and clarify their elements and meaning.
   Anything that interrupts or causes a pause.
2. Marks that frame clauses in English.
   Marks like period, comma, etc, that end sentences.

The full definition is: "the marks, such as period, comma, and parentheses, used in writing to separate sentences and their elements and to clarify meaning."

1. Legislature
   Military
2. Judiciary
   Executive

One of the principles of democracy is the military is not part of the government. It is outside politics and has a civilian commander-in-chief.

1. Every citizen gets to vote.
   Every adult gets to vote.
2. Every man gets to vote.
   Every vote counts the same.

The principle that every vote is the same "size" is essential to our democracy. This is called "one man, one vote".

1. Rotation of the Earth.
   Orbit of the Earth.
2. Tilt of the Earth.
   Distance of the Earth from the sun.

The Earth's tilt is what causes seasons. That's why they are more extreme at the poles, where the tilt is most dramatic. When your hemisphere is tilted "away," you get a colder season. The equator, being always the same distance fromt he sun, does not have seasons.

1. Circle
   Egg
2. Oval
   Elliptical

The orbit of the Earth is an elliptical one. That is, it's a long, thin oval where the length is several times the width.

1. Three branches of government.
   Three military departments.
2. Serious historical racial tensions.
   Three geographical regions.

Tennessee is sometimes thought of being three states: East, Middle, and West. These areas are culturally and geographically fairly distinctive.

1. India
   China
2. Sri Lanka
   Bangladesh

Mumbai was known as Bombay in 1879, so we have updated the question. It's the home of the Indian film industry, which is now bigger than Hollywood.

1. Texas
   Mississippi
2. Alabama
   Arkansas

Arkansas is landlocked. The other states listed here are all coastal states in the Gulf.

1. Finance and insurance.
   Real estate sales, renting, and leasing.
2. Energy, renewable and fossil fuel.
   Durable manufacturing.

Real estate is the biggest industry at the moment, bigger even than finance, oil, or manufacturing. Healthcare and government are also very big. Of course, we gave the correct answer for today; back in 1879 it was most likely agriculture.

1. Miami
   New York
2. Phoenix
   Houston

Miami is big, but not in the top ten; in fact, it's not in the top 20. When you include the metro areas, it leaps to number 8.

1. Pal-AT-able
   PAL-atable
2. Palat-ABle
   PALAT-able

It's palatable to say this word with the emphasis up front. In the original exam you had to do a couple dozen of these!

1. 0.8
   0.9
2. 0.875
   0.85

One eighth is 0.125 so seven of them is 0.875. It's one eighth less than a whole 1!

1. 1
   2
2. 3
   4

A promissory note is a guarantee between two parties that one will pay the other a specified amount on a specified date. We don't really use them much any more, of course.

1. Subject
   Adverb
2. Verb
   Period or similar

Adverbs are not necessary for sentences. You do need to have a subject and a verb. You can have a question mark or other similar mark instead of a period.

1. He walked.
   She is the tallest.
2. Saying the way.
   Do they know?

Since we've established in a prior question that we need an object and a verb, the non-sentence here is the one that is missing one of those. There is no object in "saying the way". It's nonsense on its own.

1. Told
   Tells
2. Tell
   Telling

"To tell" is the infinitive of this verb. Thus the root is "tell".

1. I must.
   He goes.
2. She smiles.
   They wink.

There are not a lot of modal verbs and they have a special purpose; to express the conditional, permission, prohibition, etc. They are "bare infinitives" that have no "to". Examples are must, should, can, and shall.

1. William Clark
   Christopher Columbus
2. Patrick Henry
   Marco Polo

Patrick Henry was a founder. The other three are all notable explorers, though only Wiliam Clark (of Lewis and Clark fame) is American.

1. 11th
   13th
2. 15th
   19th

The Thirteenth Amendment is a sticky one as technically it allows for enslaving those who have been "duly convicted" of a crime. However it was the mechanism whereby the slaves of the South were freed.

1. Carolina
   Massachusetts
2. Delaware
   Kentucky

Kentucky was not one of the original colonies that became the first thirteen states. Those were: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.

1. Telegraph
   Steam engine
2. Locomotive
   Telephone

The semaphore telegraph was invented in 1792 by Claude Chappe. Telegraph was a precursor to telephone, and was a good way to send messages compared to what came before it.

1. State
   War
2. Education
   Interior

There is a Secretary of Defense in the Cabinet who is in charge of military strategy, funding, and security, but he or she is not called the Secretary of War. This is a little cheeky since war is as much his or her job as peace.

1. The writing of the Constitution.
   The signing of the Constitution.
2. The abolishing of the Articles of Confederation.
   The Declaration of Independence.

The new states got together in 1787 to write a better set of governing articles than the Articles of Confederation. James Madison wrote most of the Constitution though others weighed in and amended it.