1. Fort Scott
   Fort Harrison
2. Fort Sumter

When President Lincoln ordered reinforcement of Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, the first shots of the war were fired. On April 12, 1861, Confederate batteries opened fire on Major Robert Anderson's federal garrison. With the surrender of the fort the next day, all efforts at compromise were abandoned.

1. disagreement over slavery
   disagreement over states' rights
2. disagreement over the electoral college process

Both the debate over slavery and over states' rights versus federal power were major causes of the Civil War. The states' rights in question mostly related to slavery, such as the right to take enslaved people from slave states into free states without their being freed.

1. 5
   21
2. 11

Only seven states -- South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas -- seceded at first. But after Lincoln's call for a militia to enforce federal authority, four border states -- Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina -- seceded and joined the Confederacy.

1. The Merriwether and Mortimer
   The Minotaur and Maverick
2. The Merrimack and Monitor

The ships Merrimack and Monitor fought the famous naval battle. The two ships were called ironclads because they were covered with iron. The remains of the Merrimack had been rechristened as the Virginia by the time this battle actually took place, but the battle is still widely known as being between the Monitor and the Merrimack.

1. 6,000
   60,000
2. 600,000

More than 600,000 American soldiers lost their lives in four years at a time when the total U.S. population was around 34,000,000.

1. War of the Rebellion
   War of the People
2. War Between the States

The Civil War was also called the War Between the States, the War of the Rebellion, the War for the Union and the War for Southern Independence.

1. Slavery was necessary to its economy.
   Slavery was constitutionally protected.
2. both of the above

The South felt that the government shouldn’t interfere with slavery because it was necessary for a healthy economy and the constitution protected the institution of slavery. The southern states also felt that freeing the slaves would lead to a revolution.

1. Richmond, Va.
   Chattanooga, Tenn.
2. Corinth, Miss.

On May 21, 1861, Richmond, Va. was chosen as the capital of the Confederate states.

1. Battle of Gettysburg
   Battle of Bull Run
2. Battle of Shiloh

The Battle of Bull Run was also called the Battle of Manassas.

1. the South
   the North
2. There was no clear winner.

Victory was claimed by the northern armies. The seceded states then returned to the Union.

1. True
2. False

More Americans lost their lives in the Civil War than in these four wars combined. To include the names of all those lost, a Civil War monument would have to be 10 times the length of the Vietnam War Memorial in Washington DC.

1. guns
   cannon fire
2. disease

Roughly two-thirds of all those killed in the Civil War were lost to disease rather than weapons. Childhood illnesses like measles claimed many lives, while more than a million Union soldiers developed malaria during the war.

1. Grant
   Johnson
2. Davis

VP Andrew Johnson took on the role of U.S. President once Lincoln died. While John Wilkes Booth originally planned to kill both Johnson and Lincoln, his plans changed, leaving Johnson to lead the mourning nation.

1. he was imprisoned for many years
   he was killed by Union troops
2. no one knows for sure

John Wilkes Booth was tracked by Union troops to a Virginal barn. After setting the barn on fire to smoke Booth out, they eventually shot him to death.

1. 11th
   12th
2. 13th

Ratified in 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery. It was quickly followed by the 14th and 15th amendments, which granted blacks equal citizenship and the right to vote, respectively.

1. New York
   Maryland
2. Virginia

Lee surrendered to Grant at a private home in the village of Appomattox Court House, Virginia on April 9, 1865.

1. North
   South
2. both sides

Both sides used hot air balloons during the War, though the North had much greater success with this technology.

1. 400,000
   4,000,000
2. 40,000,000

Four million African-Americans won their freedom thanks to the Civil War -- representing an "economic loss" of $3 billion to the Southern states.

1. freeing them and granting them equal rights
   keeping them as slaves
2. sending them out of the country

In 1862, Lincoln was an advocate of colonization, believing that whites and blacks would never be able to live in peace. He dropped the idea after a failed plan to send African-Americans to Central America.

1. providing a substitute
   paying $300
2. either method would work

On March 3, 1863, the United States Congress enacted a draft. Male citizens could opt out of this by either paying $300 or providing a substitute.

1. Battle of Antietam
   Battle of Chickamauga
2. Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle, resulting in 51,000 casualties.

1. the Emancipation Proclamation
   the Gettysburg Address
2. appointing Ulysses S. Grant to commander of Union Forces

Lincoln told newspaper reporter James Scovel that the Emancipation Proclamation would be "my greatest and most enduring contribution to the history of the war."

1. Cedar Creek
   Shiloh
2. Vicksburg

The Siege of Vicksburg, which lasted from May 19 to July 4, 1863, was going on during Gettysburg and was also a decisive battle in the Civil War.

1. North
   South
2. both

The South not only used submarines against the North, but their Hunley sub became the first submarine in history to destroy and enemy ship.

1. 30 percent
   2 percent
2. 10 percent

10 percent of the Union Army consisted of African-Americans.

1. five
   15
2. 25

John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln on April 14, 1865, five days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox on April 9, 1865.

1. Gettysburg
   Antietam
2. Custer's Last Stand

The Battle of Antietam, a major battle of the American Civil War, was fought in September 1862. It was the bloodiest single day of the war. Gettysburg was fought in the following year, 1963. Custer's Last Stand was in 1876 during the Plains Indian War, not the Civil War.

1. They had to take an emergency detour from their original trail.
   The roads went through there.
2. They needed shoes.

Here's the oft-repeated story: Confederate Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill, in desperate need of shoes for his men, pursued a tip that there were shoes in Gettysburg. Sadly, this fun tidbit is apocryphal and wasn't documented until 14 years later. In reality, they had to go through Gettysburg, because that's where the roads went.

1. The media named them differently from the armies.
   The Union and the Confederacy named them differently.
2. Both answers are correct.

Union commanders chose names based on close rivers or creeks. Confederate commanders typically named battles after the nearest city or town.

1. at least two
   at least five
2. around 10

There are at least five. After Lincoln delivered the speech, he revised it at least four more times for publication. Each of these drafts is named after the person who received it from Lincoln.