1. gold
   spices
2. Northwest Passage

Like many other early Canadian explorers, John Hudson was seeking the Northwest Passage when he reached the Hudson Bay. Thanks to a mutiny, he was set adrift and likely died in or around the Bay in 1611.

1. 1908
   1928
2. 1948

The Ottawa Mint struck the country's first coin -- worth 50 cents -- in 1908.

1. John MacDonald
   Alexander Mackenzie
2. Justin Trudeau

John MacDonald was both the first and third prime minster to represent Canada, serving from 1867 to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891.

1. Mayflower
   Matthew
2. Maximus

British explorer John Cabot sailed to eastern Canada aboard the Matthew in 1497, making him the first European to claim land in Canada.

1. plains
   snow
2. village

The name Canada comes from the Iroquoian word kanata, which means village.

1. Spain
   Denmark
2. France

The French were the first to establish European settlements in Canada, settling at Port-Royal, Nova Scotia in 1604.

1. gold mining
   fur
2. fishing

In 1670, King Charles II granted a charter to Hudson's Bay Company, which specialized in selling North American furs to wealthy Europeans.

1. 3,418
   34,180
2. 341,800

In the first Canadian census, the country had a European population of just 3,418 in 1660. By 1739, that number had grown to more than 42,000.

1. 1601
   1651
2. 1701

Early European settlers to Canada faced fierce resistance from the Indians. The 1701 Montreal Peace Treaty was signed by 38 nations, including the Iroquois and promised to stop the bloodshed between natives and settlers.

1. Toronto
   Montreal
2. Halifax

The Halifax Gazette became Canada's first newspaper in 1752. The city was founded just three years prior and had a population of only 4,000 residents at the time.

1. Vancouver
   Toronto
2. Ottawa

Founded in 1750, Fort Rouille was a hot spot for fur trading and would one day become the city of Toronto.

1. England and France
   Spain and France
2. England and Japan

The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War and helped bring peace between French and English settlements in the New World.

1. true
2. false

France forfeited its mainland territories in Canada after the Seven Years' War, clearing the path for British rule in the early days of Canadian history.

1. 1791
   1841
2. 1891

The Constitutional Act of 1791 split Canada into an Upper and Lower area. It also established government selected by the people, paving the way for modern democracy.

1. Manitoba
   Quebec
2. York

In 1834, York was renamed as Toronto, and the city was officially incorporated.

1. beaver
   maple leaf
2. fir tree

Released in April 1851, Canada's beaver stamp was the first known postage stamp in history to feature a picture of an animal, rather than a person.

1. Toronto
   Halifax
2. Ottawa

Queen Victoria selected Ottawa to serve as the capital of the Province of Canada in 1857. Before Ottawa, both Montreal and Toronto had a turn in the role of capital city.

1. 2
   3
2. 4

Canada went from Province to Dominion in 1867. At the time, Canada had just four provinces, including Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

1. true
2. false

Canada automatically became embroiled in World War I when Great Britain entered the conflict. At the start of the war, Canada had an Army of just 3,110 men.

1. true
2. false

Canadian women won the right to vote in all federal elections in 1918 -- two years before women's suffrage took effect in the U.S.

1. 1910
   1920
2. 1930

The famous Canadian Mounties were formed in 1920 when the North-West Mounted Police and the Dominion Force merged.

1. Boston Document
   Balfour Report
2. Bemis Scroll

Canadian independence was cemented with the 1926 Balfour Report, which declared Canada a constitutional equal to England.

1. true
2. false

Unlike World War I, when Canada was forced into the war alongside Great Britain, Canada chose to declare war on Nazi Germany in 1939.

1. 4,000
   42,000
2. 450,000

While Canada maintained an Army of just 4,500 soldiers at the start of World War II, more than 42,000 Canadians eventually died in the conflict.

1. 1965
   1975
2. 1985

Though red and white have served as the country's official colors since the 1920s, the red and white maple leaf flag wasn't chosen to represent the nation until 1965.

1. 1888
   1908
2. 1928

The English lyrics to the song were penned in 1908 by Robert Stanley Weir, but the music was composed back in 1880.

1. true
2. false

Thanks to the Official Languages Act of 1969, both English and French are considered official Canadian languages and are given equal status in the eyes of the law.

1. 1942
   1962
2. 1982

The country's Constitution, which outlines the laws of Canada and guarantees certain rights, went into effect in April 1982.

1. our land
   free people
2. ice

Nunavut -- Iroquois for "our land" -- became Canada's third official territory in 1999. It's capital is Iqaluit, and it sits at the northern edge of the country close to the Arctic Circle.

1. 31 million
   310 million
2. 3.1 billion

Canada has around 31 million residents as of the 2006 Census. That's about one-tenth of the U.S. population.