1. Busy
   Serene
2. Soft
   Insane

Shakespeare adapted "tranquil" from the Latin word "tranquillus," which means calm or serene. When Othello is bidding goodbye to his tranquil mind, he's saying goodbye to calm thoughts. That makes sense, since he's being tortured.

1. Craving
   Hate
2. Fear
   Sickness

Shakespeare again adapted a word from Latin to create addiction; it comes from "addictus," and he used it in "Henry V" to refer to the king's love of pleasure when he was young. Interestingly, the word has evolved over time. Nowadays, it implies a psychological component.

1. Musician
   Rope
2. Outlaw
   Bind

Shakespeare used the word "banditto," which he purloined from the Italian "bandito," which itself was from the Latin "bannire." The word has an aspect of freedom to it that simply calling someone a criminal or thug doesn't have. A bandit is like a criminal on the open road.

1. To fight in close quarters
   To strut with defiance
2. To drink to excess
   To kiss hello

"Swagger" can actually be a verb or a noun, but Shakespeare gave us the verb, which means strutting about in a defiant and cocky way. It comes from "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and then later in "Henry IV." Shakespeare clearly liked the swagger.

1. The physical sensation of laughter
   Something you can't stop laughing at
2. Almost funny but not quite
   Silly and not to be taken seriously

"Laugh" and "laughter" were, of course, words before Shakespeare, but he added the suffix to it to produce "laughable" in reference to something that was so silly it didn't deserve to be taken seriously. It's different than something that makes you laugh because it's funny.

1. Spacious
   Dark and unpleasant
2. Oversized
   Small and crafty

When something is gloomy, it's dark and unpleasant, which is what Shakespeare meant when he referred to the "ruthless, vast, and gloomy woods." Sounds like the kind of forest you want to avoid.

1. Someone who mimes everything
   Someone who speaks quietly
2. Someone who can copy the way you sound and act
   Someone who dances foolishly

"Mimic," which can also be used as a verb, comes from "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and refers to a person who is copying you. Nowadays, when you talk about a mimic, you just mean a copycat or a double, and often it's meant in reference to someone trying to be funny by acting like you.

1. A super bad villain
   A villain at McDonald's
2. A villain's sidekick
   A non-human villain

The word "villain" was pretty well-established by Shakespeare's time, but he added the prefix "arch" to really hit home the idea that this villain was a bad villain. It's a bit like someone today adding "mega" or "uber" or "ultra" to any old word just to make it sound more extreme.

1. Vomiting
   Laughing
2. Falling
   Fighting

This is one of those words that kept evolving after Shakespeare first used it. His meaning of the word was in relation to a baby spitting up and not actually the whole idea of full-on vomiting synonymous with the word "puking" today. Did he invent the word? No, but he made it popular.

1. A kind of extravagant dress
   A show full of birds
2. Impressive and colorful ceremonies
   Songs meant to inspire happiness

"Pageantry" traces its roots to "Pericles, Prince of Tyre," which apparently wasn't even completely written by Shakespeare. That said, he did write the word "pageantry," and he meant it as a reference to any kind of big, colorful ceremonies.

1. To garden
   To disappear
2. To go for a walk
   To wash

Shakespeare hijacked this word from French. The word "lavender" refers to washing, not the flower, and it looks like Shakespeare felt like shaking it up a bit to put it into his own work with the line "Laundering the silken figures in the brine."

1. Form-fitting and cheap
   Popular and stylish
2. Tasty and low-fat
   Easily pulled apart

Shakespeare wrote, "For time is like a fashionable host that slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand" in "Troilus and Cressida." These days, we refer to something as fashionable if it's popular and stylish and generally fairly appealing and cool.

1. To challenge with a dance
   To throw fists
2. To rave or ramble on
   To spit

"Rant" became a noun sometime later, but Shakespeare used it originally as a verb, meaning to go off and yell or rave on a bit of a tirade. These days, rant pretty much means the same thing: you rant when something gets under your skin and you go off on an angry monologue.

1. They're a defendant in court.
   They're not very smart.
2. They're lost.
   They're underweight.

Just to be clear, the word "accused" wasn't invented by Shakespeare, but he seems to be the first person to use it as a noun in terms of calling someone accused of something "the accused." He paired it with the term "accuser" in references to the person who accused "the accused."

1. A financial assessment
   A fistfight
2. A dangerous building
   The murder of someone important

"Assassin" was a word before Shakespeare got to it, but he coined "assassination" to turn the noun into a verb and create a really long-winded way of saying "killing." These days, we only use the word to talk about the murder of someone famous or important.

1. Something you don't trust
   Favorable, something that will lead to success
2. Something full of spice
   Mysterious, something hard to understand

Auspicious comes from the word "auspices" and generally refers to a good omen. Something auspicious is good and will hopefully lead to good things. Even though it sounds like "suspicious," the words have nothing in common, really.

1. Judging someone unfairly
   Running to the point of exhaustion
2. A kind of helmet
   A place of learning, like a school

"Academe" is used these days rarely, but it folds in the whole idea of places of learning. If you don't mean a specific school, you can say "academe" to refer to the whole idea of school in general. Shakespeare adapted it from Latin, as he did with many words.

1. To severely reprimand or punish
   To go fishing
2. To drown accidentally
   To remove an organ

If you're being castigated, it means someone is punishing you pretty severely. The word has a more formal quality to it these days than just "punish." It implies someone in authority really lacing into someone else for doing something wrong.

1. An insect
   A broken floor
2. A judge of books or art
   An admirer

Shakespeare wasn't a big fan of critics, and the art world hasn't really changed much since his time. A critic is someone who judges art, whether that be film, books, video games or anything else. Often they just say mean things, which no one likes.

1. A small fish
   A drink
2. A dance
   A type of robe

Arguably one of Shakespeare's weirdest contributions, anchovy appeared in "Henry IV" in a shopping list. There's a Portuguese word that means the same thing called "anchova," but Shakespeare was the one who turned it into the pizza topping we still use today.

1. The feeling of confusion
   Madness
2. Destruction
   A state of dissatisfaction

The word "discontent" existed before Shakespeare got to it, but it was a verb. The verb "discontent" means to take someone's contentment away. Shakespeare just used it as a noun that refers to the state of being dissatisfied or uneasy.

1. A jumping game for kids
   A robust frog
2. A poisonous frog
   A person who's jumpy

"Henry V" is the unlikely origin of the term "leapfrog." Shakespeare may have been referring to the battle at Agincourt, but nowadays, we just use it to refer to a game where one person crouches down so the person behind them can leap over them, kind of like a frog.

1. Unable to sing
   Someone who lies a lot
2. Making a show of being morally superior
   An imposter

People who go out of their way to look morally superior or holy can be described as sanctimonious. The word comes from Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure" and has never really had any meaning other than as an insult.

1. Unbalanced
   Fearless
2. Broke
   Drunk

If someone is dauntless, they're bold and without fear. The term first appeared in "Henry VI." It's another one of those words Shakespeare made by taking an existing word and just slapping "less" on the end of it because no one had done that before.

1. Confusion
   Get lost
2. Dance
   Shrink

This one comes from "Henry IV," and it's actually a bit obscene in the context Shakespeare uses it. Today, it has a similar but far less obscene meaning, which is to shrink or become less in some way.

1. Dull
   Deadly
2. Short
   Rigged

"Lackluster" has an almost too obvious meaning. It means something is dull or literally lacking in luster. "Luster" was a common enough word in Shakespeare's day that meant something shiny and bright, so adding the prefix "lack" was just a way to make any word mean the opposite.

1. Completely green
   Bored by having too much of something
2. Having hard skin
   Disgusted with politics

The word "jaded" doesn't have anything to do with the color jade or the stone jade. Instead, it refers to when you're bored or sick of something because you've just experienced too much of it already.

1. A poor attitude
   Split personality
2. Heavy studying
   A lot

"Multitudinous" was a heck of a long way to refer to "a lot" or "many." In fairness, Shakespeare really liked to play with language and make some things a little more complicated than they needed to be for the sake of art.

1. To join things together
   To make a sandwich
2. To go underwater
   To run swiftly

French and Latin both have words that basically mean the same thing as"submerged," but we can thank Shakespeare's "Antony and Cleopatra" and the line "So half my Egypt were submerged and made" for bringing it into English.

1. A weird or eccentric person
   A comedy school
2. A failure
   A compulsive liar

Zany as an adjective means "wacky" or "unconventional." When used as a noun as Shakespeare did, it essentially means a person with those characteristics. It comes from the name of an Italian clown, Zanni.

1. To doubt someone
   To shame someone
2. To cause someone to be baffled
   To cause undue stress

"Perplex" came from a Latin adjective "perplexus." In the play "King John," Shakespeare transforms it into a verb for the first time with the line "What canst thou say but will perplex thee more, If thou stand excommunicate and cursed?"

1. Awesome
   Knobby and rough
2. Chewed on
   Rusty and weak

If something is knobby and rough, you can describe it as gnarled. Somewhere along the line, that transformed into popular '80s slang word "gnarly," which doesn't really have the same meaning at all, but slang doesn't always make sense.

1. Small rocks
   To crawl and beg before someone
2. To slurp loudly
   To sneak in the shadows

Shakespeare was a bit of a sneaky wordsmith with a lot of his creations. When he wasn't just tweaking a Latin word, he would take a word like "groveling" and just chop the end off to make "grovel," which means to kowtow, toady or crawl and beg before someone.

1. Something that happened very recently
   Indirect but not conclusive
2. Ironclad
   Something obvious to anyone

Circumstantial evidence is based on certain circumstances but isn't ironclad or conclusive; it's only indirect. Shakespeare just played with the word "circumstance" to make this one.

1. Distract with loud noises
   Brazenly steal
2. Force
   Delay or prevent

"Impede" comes from the word "impediment," which is something that's in your way. "Impede" was just the verb form Shakespeare invented to turn the noun into an action, which was clearly something he liked to do.