1. Latin language rules
2. Germanic langue rules

When we place an adverb (a word ending in "ing") between the word "to" and the following verb, we have split an infinitive. In the Latin language, infinitives cannot be split, so the rule carried over to English, though it currently faces debate.

1. Latin
2. Germanic

Classic compounds are words that combine two forms from classic Greek or Latin vocabulary to create another word. They appear often in the medical fields and might look like "bio" and "graphy" coming together for "biography" or the study and recording of life.

1. Germanic
2. Latin

Travel lovers will be familiar with the word "wanderlust" which indicates a desire or pleasure to explore the world. While this is a romantic theme, the word wanderlust is Germanic in origin.

1. Handkerchief
   Beuf
2. Concealer
   Comment

While some English words are taken directly from languages where they still exist, there are others two that remain the only current use of those words. Concealer is a commonly used word in English, but no longer exists in French, from where it originated.

1. Latin
2. Germanic

A great many of our words, particularly our prefixes and suffixes, come from the Latin language. When we add the Latin prefix "circum" to the front of a word, we get options like "circumvent," "circumference," and "circumnavigate."

1. Latin
2. German

The word "human" plays by both sets of rules, which means everything is a little bit chaotic. If the word were entirely Latin, it would be "humens," but because "mann" or "man" comes from Germanic root, we have "mans" instead.

1. Latin
2. Germanic

When Latin and Germanic words appear in the English language, there is often a related version. In this case, the word "brotherly" come from Germanic and the Latin equivalent would be "fraternal."

1. When words in different languages look/sound similar, but have a different meaning
   When words in different languages look/sound similar, but mean the opposite.
2. When words in different languages are overly familiar
   When words in different languages have been translated too many times

Anyone who has studied languages has come across a "false friend" or two in their time. It often happens when the second language keeps the word of the first and the first language changes its meaning. In French, an example would be "egre" which means "sour" but sounds like "eager."

1. Royal
   Vulpine
2. Kingly
   Regal

Oftentimes, English ends up with several different words that mean the same thing but have different origins. Royal is Latin, regal comes from Old French, and kingly is Germanic in root. Vulpine means "foxlike."

1. Latin
   Germanic
2. Dutch
   French

Cobalt is a word that seems so at home in the English language, it's hard to believe there was ever a point when it didn't belong. In this case, the word cobalt is Germanic in origin.

1. French
   Latin
2. Dutch
   Greek

Dutch has many similar words to English and, in fact, has directly contributed many of the words in the English lexicon. Bluff comes from "bluffen" (to brag, boast) or "verbluffen" (to baffle, mislead).

1. Genetori
   Cafe
2. Butter
   Telephone

A loan word is a word taken directly from the source language and incorporated without translation. The word "cafe" which in English means a coffee shop comes directly from the word "cafe," which means "coffee" in French.

1. You blend multiple words or their sounds.
   You follow the direct path of translation from one language to the next.
2. You take a word's literal translation for a new language.
   You use Germanic nouns and Latin verbs.

A portmanteau is created by the blending of words, parts of words, or their sounds. The word itself is French is origin. An example of a portmanteau would be "motel" made up of "motor" and "hotel."

1. Germanic
2. Latin

Germanic/Latin doublets are words that appear in science that have similar meanings in both Germanic and Latin. In Germanic, the words are nouns—bird. In Latin, the words are adjectives—avian.

1. Latin
2. Germanic

If it seems like there are many words in English that have the same meaning, that's because there are. "Ancient" is a word that has Latin origins, and the related Germanic word is "old."

1. Latin
2. Germanic

While it's difficult to trace the origins of specific English rules, the whom vs. who rule can relate directly to the words "whom" and "who," which are the product of Germanic root words.

1. Greek
   Latin
2. French
   Germanic

The English language has begged, borrowed and stolen many words from French. A gallicism can be one of several things: a French idiom, a French mode or custom, a loan word or a loan phrase borrowed from the French.

1. A word that has been translated more than once
   A non-standard word, often made in error
2. A word that has been translated and then translated back
   A word that is comprised of Germanic and Latin

The word "barbarism" once referred specifically to the mixing of the Greek and Latin languages, but it expanded—as language often does—to include any error in language that was considered unpolished or rude, specifically in morphology.

1. Latin roots
   German roots
2. Greek roots
   Celtic roots

The word "educate" comes from the latin root word "educare." As there are many different words with similar meanings in English, the word with Germanic roots that has a similar meaning is "teach."

1. Latin and Germanic
   French and Germanic
2. Latin and Greek
   French and Greek

If it seems like many hybrid words are easy to define—even if you've never seen them before—that's because they have a lot of similar prefixes and suffixes from Latin and Greek origins. While other hybrids exist, this is the most common combination.

1. A word that is adapted without being translated
   A word that has been mistranslated
2. A word-for-word translation
   A word that is exclusively Latin in origin.

English has a tricky relationship with translations. In some cases, words are adapted without being translated. In other cases, they are loosely translated. When it comes to "calques," the word is translated word-for-word.

1. Germanic
2. Latin

It would surprise few that Germanic pronunciation is often bold and definitive. This antique shift toward stressing the first syllable ultimately led to many single-syllable words in English.

1. Latin
2. Germanic

If you have studied the romance languages, then you'll know there are a great many tenses to remember and conjugate. The Germanic language influence on English means we have far fewer tenses.

1. Greek
   Latin
2. French
   Germanic

Numerus may come from the Latin, but with the exception of a small shift in spelling, it appears in the English language as "numerous." This word shows up in many mathematical terms.

1. Latin
   German
2. Dutch
   Norse

If you thought of the word "memory" or "memorabilia" or "memorial," you're on the right track. "Memor is a Latin prefix related to memory and mindfulness that appears in many English words."

1. Spelling
   Origin
2. Pronunciation
   Grammar

If you've ever heard someone's speech referred to as "sibilant," this is why. Fricatives and sibilants are used to described the movement of air during the pronunciation of certain words.

1. Kingdom
   Phylum
2. Order
   Genus

Many words that appears in biology or in the scientific world are derived from Latin roots. The word "genus" itself is Latin in origin, as are many of the defining names that are colloquially adapted into English.

1. Germanic
   Latin
2. French
   Dutch

Poltergeist, a word for a type of ghost, looks and sounds like a lot of German words, and that's because it's Germanic in origin. That also explains why it fits so well into the English language.

1. English
   Latin
2. Germanic
   Old French

It might seem like "blanc" for "blank" or "white" has been around forever, but there is a beginning story to every word and in the case of this one, it dates back to Germanic roots.

1. Doublet
   Geminus
2. Prepost
   Waze

As explained in an earlier question, a double, known also as an etymological twin, is a word with the same roots comprised from two different languages. There can also be triplets or more.

1. French
   Latin
2. Dutch
   Germanic

If you've studied romance languages, you'd be tempted to see the word "quarantine" as relating to "40" in some way—and it does. The word refers to how long people suspected of disease were kept away from civilization—40 days.

1. Germanic
   French
2. Dutch
   Latin

If the word "schizophrenia" had followed one of the traditional paths of language adaptation—likely through French, Greek, or Latin—it would be pronounced like "skyzo," rather than "skitso."

1. The oldest group
   The largest group
2. The most often translated group
   The most original group

The Germanic weak verbs are the most commonly appearing verbs in the Germanic languages, and often referred to as regular verbs. This does not necessarily mean they are the most important or historic.

1. Sing
   Walk
2. Read
   Watch

A strong verb is not necessarily the opposite of a weak verb. You get a strong verb when the conjugation of the verb to fit the subject of the sentence or the tense changes: I sing, I sang, I sung.

1. Latin
   Germanic
2. French
   Dutch

Persona has an incredible number of uses in the English language, including as a standalone word, persona. It can be used in many words — often related to self or person — and it comes from Latin.