1. Communists
   Nationalists
2. Democrats

A military revolt started the war, which quickly escalated.

1. Republicans
   Nationalists
2. neither

The Nationalists had a fascist streak that endeared them to the Nazis.

1. 1934
   1935
2. 1936

And it dragged on until 1939.

1. Nationalists
   Republicans
2. neither side

They were dead-set against social reforms and many had prominent roles in society.

1. about 5,000
   about 8,000
2. about 30,000

It included men from all over the world who had Communist leanings.

1. They didn't want anything to do with it.
   They secretly helped the Nationalists.
2. They immediately assisted the Republicans.

The U.K.'s official policy was just to try and stay out of the messy affair.

1. Republicans
   Nationalists
2. both sides

Both sides dehumanized political opponents and savagely tortured and killed them.

1. No one else wanted the job.
   He was elected.
2. He killed his rivals.

Two months into the conflict, he was elected and then never relinquished his leadership.

1. Cuba
   France
2. Mexico

Mexico refused to commit to non-intervention agreements and very much wanted the Republicans to win.

1. Hippies
   the working class
2. middle-class suburbanites

The war essentially pitted workers against the privileged, but there were plenty of other political nuances at work, too.

1. Red Terror
   The Holy Horror
2. Crucifixion of the Church

The leftists killed tens of thousands of people, including many religious leaders; the church had sided against leftist reforms.

1. about 250,000
   about 320000
2. about 500,000

Another half a million people fled the country in a desperate bid to survive.

1. executions
   Spanish flu
2. Arson

Politically-motivated executions (without trial) killed untold thousands of people.

1. Germany
   USSR
2. Italy

The Communists did side with the Republicans, though.

1. Atrocities
   the use of chemical weapons
2. the amicable ending

Ordinary humans treated each other like animals, leading to mind-numbing brutality.

1. They paid them.
   They threatened them.
2. They begged them.

Spain sent off most of its gold reserve to Moscow in exchange for military help.

1. Madrid
   Barcelona
2. Seville

The city provided Franco a way to move his troops in from northern Africa.

1. a dictatorship
   a republic
2. a democracy

Franco seized control of the country and didn't let go.

1. 12
   19
2. 27

Only Mexico and the USSR publicly supported the Republican side; Germany and Italy were prominent supports of the Nationalists.

1. three years
   13 years
2. 36 years

He ruled with force, killing hundreds of thousands of Spanish citizens.

1. They were both financially destitute.
   They were both too puny to win.
2. They wanted to spark a world war.

They realized early on that they needed more military might to fight for victory.

1. terror
   financial equality
2. fairness

They employed horrific violence as a means to their ends.

1. about 10,000
   about 20,000
2. about 30,000

But France didn't support the Republicans, publicly out of fear that it might spark a revolt on French soil.

1. Nationalists set the town on fire.
   Civilians were targeted by aerial bombardment.
2. Nazi troops massacred hundreds of people.

In a time when air power was relatively new, the bombing was considered an outrage; it inspired one of Pablo Picasso's most famous paintings.

1. 1,600
   800
2. no one knows

High estimates were at more than 1,600, and lows were at just more than 100; either way, it allowed the Nationalists to take over the town.

1. three days
   three months
2. three years

Franco attacked the city multiple times and, to his frustration, failed.

1. Hitler told him to.
   He hated Stalin.
2. He had extra bombs nearing their expiration dates.

Hitler convinced him that it was a good idea; about 50,000 Italians fought at one point or another.

1. 400,000
   100,000
2. No one knows.

At minimum, 30,000 people were executed, but the number may have reached six figures.

1. He was testing his military might.
   He thought Spain might be a good place to start World War II.
2. He wanted Spanish weapons.

He was consciously practicing for the next big event … World War II.

1. He remained neutral.
   He joined the Allies.
2. He joined the Nazis.

Spain, battered by its internal conflict, never officially joined the Germans in their fight.