The Roman Empire Wars Quiz

By: Gavin Thagard
Estimated Completion Time
4 min
The Roman Empire Wars Quiz
Image: Harald Nachtmann / Moment / Getty Images

About This Quiz

From the beginning, Rome was one of the most violent civilizations of its time, utilizing brutal tactics and constant warfare to spread its influence throughout Italy and later Europe and Africa. This history of warfare would be a defining characteristic as Rome went from a monarchy to a republic and then to an extensive empire that spread from Britain to the Middle East.

Many of these Roman wars were against external threats, opposing empires trying to maintain their own base of power or even increase it. These threats came in many forms, from various regions with different levels of strength, which showed just how dynamic the Roman army was. 

Of course, it wasn't always outside threats that the Romans had to worry about. Civil wars were common throughout Roman history, bringing about significant changes that affected the course of their civilization. These wars would also ultimately lead to Rome's downfall by the fifth century. 

Are you prepared to march into this quiz to get a victory? The challenge will be immense as you face questions that would bring even the most knowledgable scholars to their knees. 

When you're ready to make a charge, get started and see if you can get the win.

The Intervention of the Sabine Women
Louvre Museum via WikiCommons
Needing wives to build families, the Romans famously captured women and took them back to Rome from which group of people?
Athenians
Spartans
Sabines
Celts
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The abduction of the Sabine women took place in approximately 750 B.C. Jacques-Louis David, a French Neoclassical painter, represented a woman standing between the Romans and the Sabines in his work "The Intervention of the Sabine Women."

Livy
Metropolitan Museum of Art via WikiCommons
According to the famous Roman historian Livy, how did the city of Veii fall to the Romans in their conquest of Italy?
The walls were overrun.
The front gate collapsed.
They surrendered due to hunger.
A tunnel was dug underneath the city.
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Located near each other on opposite sides of the Tiber, Rome and Veii had a history that saw them work both together and against one another at times. When a treaty between the two cities ended, Rome laid siege to Veii, which lasted 10 years before the Romans were able to penetrate the city.

Samnium
William Robert Shepherd via WikiCommons
To honor a treaty, Rome tried to protect which territory from the Latin states, leading to the Latin War?
Campania
Norba
Cora
Fidenae
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Rome protected Campania against the Samnites, who lived in south-central Italy. Rome tried to make peace with the Latin states before war broke out, so they asked them to send representatives to Rome to present their demands. The Latin states did just that, requesting equal representation in the Senate, but this demand was refused. At that point, war was inevitable.

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Second Punic War
The Hunterian via WikiCommons
Who did Rome fight in the Punic Wars?
Egypt
Carthage
Athens
Sparta
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Strategically located in the Mediterranean, Carthage was an important trading center in the ancient world. Its role as a trading port made the city one of the richest and most powerful during its height.

Ancient Romans
Albert Kretschme and Dr. Carl Rohrbach via WikiCommons
What did Rome gain following the First Punic War, a war primarily fought at sea?
Britain
Iberia
Egypt
Sicily
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The First Punic War started after Rome intervened in a dispute between two cities in Sicily: Syracuse and Messina. Sicily was controlled by Carthage at the time, and Carthage sided with Syracuse in the dispute. Rome took the other side, and the two powers went to war.

Marcus Atilius Regulus
Artnet via WikiCommons
After invading North Africa, which Roman consul was captured by Carthage in the First Punic War?
Marcus Atilius Regulus
Aulus Atilius Calatinus
Lucius Junius Pullus
Gaius Marius Minor
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

After his capture, Marcus Atilius Regulus was released to return to Rome, where he was supposed to negotiate a truce. He was then returned to his captors. Although reports differ, one account says that Marcus Atilius Regulus was tortured to death by the Carthaginians after he was returned.

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Hannibal
Henri-Paul Motte via WikiCommons
Do you know the name of the Carthaginian general who caused havoc across Italy in the Second Punic War?
Leonidas I
Hannibal
Hammurabi
Cyrus the Great
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Hannibal was the son of a renowned Carthaginian general named Hamilcar Barca, and he was trained from an early age to be a commander himself. Hannibal rose through the ranks and eventually came to command Carthage's Spanish empire.

Hannibal
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Chambéry via WikiCommons
Unable to defeat Hannibal in a direct battle, the Romans used what military strategy to get the upper hand over their invader?
Battle of annihilation
Flanking maneuver
Fabian strategy
Guerrilla tactics
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The Fabian strategy involved avoiding open field combat. Instead, the goal was forcing the opposing army to chase the Roman army around or hiding out in a city while the chasing army depleted their resources.

Hannibal invades
Palazzo dei Conservatori (Capitoline Museum) via WikiCommons
In a miraculous feat, which animals did Hannibal bring with him during his invasion of Italy?
Lions
Elephants
Bears
Buffalo
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Hannibal invaded Italy through the Alps, which was viewed as an impossible task before he accomplished it. The fact that he brought along war elephants made the journey that much more astounding.

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Battle of Canae
Luçon Master, First Master of the Grande Bible Historiale Complétée of Jean, Duc de Berry via WikiCommons
During what battle in the Second Punic War did the Carthaginians defeat a Roman army twice their size?
Battle of Cannae
Battle of Trebia
Battle of Lake Trasimene
Battle of Ticinus
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The Battle of Cannae was fought with brains over manpower. Knowing his army was outnumbered, Hannibal decided to lure the Roman army into a trap where he drew back his center as they advanced, only to then surround the Romans on all sides.

Third Punic War
Jones Brothers via WikiCommons
After the end of the Third Punic War, how did the Romans treat the Carthaginians?
Allowed them to keep North Africa
Allowed them to serve as a client state
Sold them into slavery
Killed every one of them
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Romans used slaves for a variety of purposes, from household chores to working in the fields and on construction jobs. Across the empire, around one-fifth of the population was enslaved.

Andriscus
Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. via WikiCommons
Rome and Macedonia went to war several times, with Rome finally conquering Macedonia in the Fourth Macedonian War by defeating which king?
Philip II
Philip V
Derdas III
Andriscus
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Claiming to be the son of Perseus, the former king of Macedonia, Andriscus was actually a pretender when he gained the throne. His reign didn't last long before he was defeated by Rome, which made him the last king of Macedonia.

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Spartan
Louvre Museum via WikiCommons
Do you know the Greek city-state that went to war with Rome and Rome's allies, primarily over the city of Argos, in the Laconian War?
Sparta
Athens
Thebes
Syracuse
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The Laconian War was fought on Sparta's side under King Nabis, who sought to rebuild Sparta's army and secure Spartan dominance. However, Nabis ruled through bloodshed, executing Spartan royalty on his way to the top. His allies eventually assassinated him.

Roman Soldiers
RFStock / E+ / Getty Images
Greece lost its independence and was turned into a Roman province following what war?
Jugurthine War
First Celtiberian War
Cimbrian War
Achaean War
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Corinth took the brunt of the force unleashed by Rome during the Achaean War. As the war came to a close, the city was completely annihilated by the Romans, who killed all of the men and sold the women and children into slavery.

Gaius Marius
Christie's via WikiCommons
Gaius Marius, a leading general in Rome, was named to the office of consul how many times?
Two
Four
Seven
Nine
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

There was no higher elected office in the Roman Republic than that of consul, two of which were elected yearly by the citizens of Rome. When Rome went to war, the consuls served as the commanders of the Roman legions, where they had almost unlimited power.

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Gaius Marius
Mary Macgregor via WikiCommons
The Roman Republic began to collapse, partly due to a bitter civil war fought between Gaius Marius and which other Roman general?
Julius Caesar
Sulla
Augustus
Pompey
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Throughout his life in the Roman military, Gaius Marius made changes that put more power in the hands of the Roman consuls, as the military's loyalty aligned more with the general than with the Senate. Sulla, on the other hand, supported the Senate and used his power to ensure the body was preserved.

Julius Caesar
Georges Jansoone via WikiCommons
Before he took control of Rome, Julius Caesar became a famous general in what war?
Social War
First Mithridatic War
Sertorian War
Gallic Wars
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Under constant threat of being attacked by the Gallic tribes, Roman leaders saw that the only way to secure their border was to go to war and bring Gaul under Roman influence. Julius Caesar saw this as an opportunity to increase his status in Rome while also obtaining wealth, so he decided to lead the charge.

Battle of Alessia
musée Crozatier via WikiCommons
Can you name the battle that led to the defeat of the Gallic tribes and the incorporation of Gaul as a Roman province?
Battle of Zama
Battle of Alesia
Battle of Pharsalus
Battle of Philippi
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

In his campaign against Gaul, Julius Caesar was able to defeat many of the Gallic tribes because they were not united into a single force. By the time the chieftain Vercingetorix united the tribes for the Battle of Alesia, they were too weak to defeat Caesar's army.

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Pompey
Gunnar Bach Pedersen via WikiCommons
Identify the Roman general who supported the conservative Senate against Julius Caesar during his civil war?
Mark Antony
Octavian
Pompey
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Pompey, one of the great generals in the First Triumvirate, had many triumphs as a military leader in Rome. His military career included battles in Africa and Spain, as well as helping end the slave revolt led by Spartacus.

Julius Caesar Rubicon
Emanuel Müller-Baden via WikiCommons
In what was considered an act of treason, Julius Caesar marched his army over which river to capture Rome?
Rubicon
Po
Tiber
Arno
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The crossing of the Rubicon has become a famous reference in Western culture. Whenever someone mentions the event as a metaphor, they mean that they have reached a point of no return, similar to Julius Caesar when he crossed the river in 49 B.C.

Battle of Pharsalus
Wolfgang Sauber via WikiCommons
After his defeat at the Battle of Pharsalus, where was Pompey assassinated?
Athens
Egypt
Iberia
Britain
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Despite strategic victories against Julius Caesar in their bitter civil war, Pompey wasn't able to finish off his rival for good. Eventually, Caesar routed Pompey's larger army near Pharsalus, forcing Pompey to retreat to Egypt, where he was assassinated.

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Marcus Brutus
The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs via WikiCommons
How was Julius Caesar's assassin, Marcus Junius Brutus, killed in the war with the Second Triumvirate?
He died in battle.
He was assassinated himself.
He committed suicide.
He was captured and executed.
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

When William Shakespeare wrote his play "Julius Caesar," he depicted Marcus Junius Brutus as a close friend of Julius Caesar who only killed him to preserve the Roman Republic. Perhaps there was some truth to this, but Brutus also stood against Caesar prior to his assassination when he fought with Pompey at Pharsalus.

Octavian
Alexander Z. via WikiCommons
Taking the name Augustus, who became the first emperor as Rome went from republic to empire, following the assassination of Julius Caesar?
Octavian
Mark Antony
Cassius
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

After the rise and fall of Julius Caesar, Rome was in a state of turmoil, and its territories were on the verge of collapse. To secure Roman dominion, Octavian eliminated his rivals and consolidated all power for himself, which brought an end to the Roman Republic.

Roman warrior
Leendert van der Cooghen via WikiCommons
The pilum was an important weapon used by Roman legionaries. What type of weapon was it?
Sword
Shield
Bow
Javelin
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The pilum, a 7-foot-long javelin, was primarily used by Roman armies as a throwing spear, though it was occasionally used at close range as well. Those who were most experienced with the pilum could throw it up to 100 feet.

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Roman ship model
Carole Raddato via WikiCommons
Are you familiar with the Roman navy fleet that controlled the waters of the English Channel?
Classis Britannica
Classis Alexandrina
Classis Germanica
Classis Moesica
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Around the time that Augustus came to power in Rome, the Roman navy went from a single fleet to multiple regional fleets who controlled the waters for the Roman Empire. The Classis Britannica was one such fleet, created when Emperor Claudius ordered the invasion of Britain.

Hadrians Wall
Mediatus via WikiCommons
During the Roman conquest of Britain, which wall was constructed to protect Roman-controlled Britain from tribes in the north?
Walls of Ston
Western Wall
Hadrian's Wall
Offa's Dyke
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Hadrian's Wall, named after Emperor Hadrian, stretched from British coast to British coast, running 73 miles. Built by Roman soldiers, the wall consisted of 14 to 17 forts, which were manned by those soldiers.

Parthian War
M0tty via WikiCommons
The Roman-Parthian War started when Parthia tried to place a ruler where?
Galatia
Armenia
Syria
Iudaea
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

Rome looked at Armenia as a buffer state between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire, which meant they couldn't allow a Parthian ruler to sit on the throne. When Tiridates I took the throne at the request of the Parthian king, Rome's only option was to go to war.

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Jerusalem
Andrew Shiva via WikiCommons
What did the Roman governor of Judea raid in Jerusalem during the Great Revolt by the Jews?
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The Western Wall
Dome of the Rock
The Second Temple
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The Second Temple, an important place of Jewish worship, was completed around 515 B.C. to serve as a replacement for Solomon's Temple. At the end of the Great Revolt, the temple was destroyed in retaliation for the uprising.

First Dacian War
Conrad Cichorius via WikiCommons
The First Dacian War was fought under the leadership of which Roman Emperor?
Nero
Marcus Aurelius
Trajan
Nerva
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

To honor Trajan and his victories in the Dacian Wars, Rome constructed Trajan's Column. It stands over 100 feet, including its pedestal, inside Trajan's Forum. A statue of Trajan was placed on the top of the column, but it was later replaced with a statue of St. Peter.

Sasanides
Alborz fallah via WikiCommons
After the fall of the Parthians in 224, who did Rome find itself in conflict with that took over the Persian Empire?
Karenids
Sassanids
Bavandids
Dabuyids
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

One of the most significant influences in Sassanid culture was Zoroastrianism, which became the state religion. Though the Sassanids were relatively tolerant of other faiths, Zoroastrian priests were some of the most powerful people in their society.

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Marcus Aurelius
Steerpike via WikiCommons
Which famous work did Marcus Aurelius write over many years, including while he was fighting a bitter campaign against Germanic tribes?
"Odes"
"Aeneid"
"Thyestes"
"Meditations"
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

"Meditations" is a series of notes written by Marcus Aurelius, who was considered one of the Five Good Emperors of Rome. The notes were meant to serve as self guidance and explore his belief in Stoic philosophy.

Emperor Commodus
José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro via WikiCommons
Sending Rome into civil war, how many emperors fought for the right to rule in 193 A.D.?
Two
Three
Four
Five
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The Year of the Five Emperors was a violent affair in 193 A.D. that came about after the assassination of Emperor Commodus. By the end of the year, two of the five emperors were dead, and the others were engaged in a war for power.

Constantine
Jonas Wegener via WikiCommons
Constantine believed his conversion to which religion helped him win a critical battle against his rival in a civil war?
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Buddhism
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

With the Edict of Milan, issued in 313 A.D., Christians were allowed to worship openly without fear of persecution. However, the edict did not make Christianity the state religion within the Roman Empire.

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Visigoths sack Rome
Das Konigreich der Vandalen, ed. Klaus Hattler via WikiCommons
Taking advantage of a weakened empire, do you know which Germanic tribe sacked Rome in 410 A.D.?
Franks
Vandals
Visigoths
Celts
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

The Visigoths were a western tribe of Goths who warred with Rome for centuries before landing a major defeat at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 A.D. During this time, the Visigoths were able to establish their own kingdom, which extended from Iberia to Eastern Europe.

Romulus Augustus
Paul Barlow via WikiCommons
Often considered to be the final Western Roman Emperor, who was executed by Odoacer in 476 A.D.?
Commodus
Vespasian
Glycerius
Romulus Augustulus
Correct Answer
Wrong Answer

By the time Romulus Augustulus came to power in 475 A.D., the Roman Empire was already split between the West and the East. Even after the Western Roman Empire collapsed, the Eastern Roman Empire continued on in some form until Constantinople was sacked in 1453.

You Got:
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