Think You'd Do Well on the MCAT? Take This Quiz!

As the substrate concentration increases, more binding will take place between the enzyme and the substrate, leading to more complexes being formed. This created more opportunity for the uncompetitive inhibitor to bind. The concentration of the noncompetitive inhibitor is not going to change as it binds to the enzyme and not the substrate.

Nucleotides base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds. Cytosine is always bonded to guanine, while adenosine can be bonded to either tyrosine or uracil. These base pairs exhibit complementarity.

The electron transport chain (ETC) takes high-energy electrons and pass them through a series of enzymes where oxygen is the final acceptor. If this process is blocked, aerobic respiration is stopped, eventually killing the organism.

Antidiuretic hormone, also called arginine vasopressin, is a hormone which is secreted by the posterior pituitary. When it is released, it conserves water by reducing the loss of it in urine through water reabsorption.

According to Newton’s law of the universe, the gravitational force between objects is proportional to the sum of their masses and inversely proportional to the squared distance between them. So if the distance is doubled, the force will decrease by the squared value.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a brain disorder which is caused by a lack of thiamine, also known as vitamin B-1. Chronic alcoholism is the most common cause of this disease and it can lead to ataxia, vision problems and Korsakoff psychosis.

Mitochondrial DNA disorders follows maternal inheritance, which means that they are passed from mother to offspring. Since a male is affected, none of his children will inherit the mutated gene.

A person who is dehydrated and starved is expected to have both low nutrients and low blood pressure. As a result, the body’s physiological response is to release hormones to increase it. ADH and Aldosterone will help to raise the blood pressure while Cortisol increases nutrient availability. Insulin is released after meals and lowers blood glucose levels.

Supplemental iron is usually given to treat people who are suffering from anemia and is also recommended to people who are pregnant, vegetarians, teens with heavy menstrual periods and women who are lactating. The requirements are not as important for postmenopausal women.

The bond which exists in a water molecule are polar covalent bond. Polar molecules have a weak partial negative charge at one region (oxygen) and a partial positive charge at the other (hydrogen). Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms.

Microtubules are central to a number of cellular processes, many of which involve movement—for example, mitosis and meiosis. Muscle movement is dependent on actin and myosin, the Krebs cycle depends on mitochondria, and transcription is regulated by enzymes.

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin, and it binds and holds oxygen more tightly. All the other answers are wrong.

Spinal disc herniation is caused by excessive strain or trauma to the spine which causes a tear in the outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc and ultimately results in the bulging out of the soft central portion. The most common site where this occurs (up to 95%) is at the L4-L5 or L5 -S1 region.

Defamation is the action of damaging or slandering the reputation of a person.

The lining of the digestive tract as well as the respiratory tract develop form endoderm. The skin and the nervous system develop from ectoderm, and the muscle tissue develops from mesoderm.

All of the answers are true except (C). Neurotransmitters are released from the axons at the end of the neuron and not its dendrites.

DNA is a molecule which contains the genetic instructions for growth and development in living organisms. It is composed of two chains of nucleotides coiled to form a double helix structure which constitutes the human chromosome.

An increase in environmental temperature is compensated for when the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the eccrine sweat glands. Water is secreted through the skin, where it evaporates, thereby cooling the body.

Every enzyme has an optimum pH in which they work best. Pepsin, which is the chief digestive enzyme, can be found in the stomach where it breaks down proteins. The stomach is an acid environment, and the enzyme has an optimal pH of 2.

An amphoteric compound is a molecule which can act as both an acid and a base. An isomer is two compounds which have the same chemical formula but have a different arrangement of atoms. A monomer is a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules. Neutral substances​ show no acidic or basic properties.

Vitamin K is a cofactor necessary for the carboxylation of the glutamic acid residues in the vitamin K-dependent proteins which are involved blood coagulation.

An electron shell can be described as an orbit followed by the electrons around an atom’s nucleus. Each shell can contain a fixed number of electrons—the first: 2; the second: 6; and the third: 18. The general formula is 2(n2) .

Cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, controls muscles of facial expression and conveys taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Cranial nerve II is the nerve in your eye which transmits visual information. Cranial nerve III is the oculomotor nerve which innervates most of the muscle for eye movement, and cranial nerve VI is the abducens nerve which controls movement of the lateral rectus muscle causing outward gaze.

The rotator cuff is the name of a group of four muscles which provide stability and strength during movement of the shoulder. These muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, ​and subscapularis.

The fermentation of sugar results in the formation of ethyl alcohol or ethanol and carbon dioxide gas (COs). The carbon dioxide, which is produced, bubbles through the liquid​ and later dissipates into the air.

Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who is best known for his theory of cognitive development. It suggests that children move through 4 different stages of mental development: Sensorimotor from birth to 2 years; preoperational from age 2 to 7; concrete operational from age 7 to 11; and formal operational from age 12 and up.

The size of a population is dependent on a number of factors, including birth and immigration, which increases the population, and death and emigration, which decreases the population.

Active transport is the pumping of molecules and/or ions through a membrane against their concentration gradient. This process requires energy in the form of ATP. Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are all examples of passive diffusion.

The circadian rhythm is a biological process which spans a 24-hour interval. It responds to changes in the light in the organism’s environment.

The adrenal glands are a pair of gland located at the top of both kidneys. Multiple hormones are produced there, some which regulate metabolism, blood pressure and the immune system. It is made up of two parts, the cortex and the medulla each of which produces its own hormones. One of the hormones produced by the medulla is adrenaline.

Alzheimer’s disease causes changes in memory, thinking and reasoning, as well as decision-making and behavior. It is caused by the accumulation of fragments of beta-amyloid proteins forming plaques or tau proteins forming neurofibrillary tangles.

Anterograde amnesia is the loss of the ability to create new memories. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for information that was acquired​ before the onset of amnesia. Implicit memory is a type of long-term memory which does not require conscious thought. Explicit memory is also a type of long-term memory which requires conscious thought.

Juxtacrine signaling is the way cells communicate with each other through direct contact. Paracrine signaling occurs between cells across a short distance. Intracrine signaling occurs inside of the target cell and endocrine signaling occurs between cells over a large distance.

Implantation is the process by which the blastocyst is embedded into the endometrium. It then is differentiated into the three germ layers—the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm.

A disulfide bond is a covalent bond which is form by oxidizing two SH groups attached to cysteine molecules. The functional group then becomes ‘R-S-S-R’.